A density-functional approach and canonical Monte Carlo simulations are presented for describing the ionic microscopic structure around the DNA molecule immersed in mixed-size counterion solutions. In the density-functional approach, the hard-sphere contribution to the Helmholtz energy functional is obtained from the modified fundamental measure theory [Y.-X. Yu and J. Z. Wu, J. Chem. Phys. 117...

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) represents the development of optical communication. The advantages OCDMA such as, asynchronous multiuser communication transmission, flexibility, ample bandwidth and scalability; have made this technique a better candidate to be proposed for next generation network on chip. In paper, performance on-chip system is analyzed. Analytical techniques est...

Future military communications systems are expected to exchange information in a seamless and reliable manner across heterogeneous networks composed of both jixed, wired nodes and mobile, wireless nodes. While commercial protocols such as TCP/IP have improved ihe seamiessness of military communications systems, the use of TCP/IP in the mobile, wireless environment for which it was not designed ...

Background: The dosimetric parameters required in lung cancer radiation therapy are taken from a homogeneous water phantom; however, during treatment, the expected results are being affected because of its inhomogeneity. Therefore, it becomes necessary to quantify these deviations.Objective: The present study has been undertaken to find out inter- and intra- lung density variations and its dosi...

A key feature of modern broadband networks is their ability to provide stringent Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees to different classes of users. A primary QoS parameter is the Cell Loss Probability (CLP), whose typical values can be very small and therefore difficult to estimate through standard Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, since long run times are required to achieve accurate results. In th...

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are being used extensively in the biophysics, particularly for modeling light propagation in tissues. The high computation time for MC limits its use to solving only the forward solutions for a given source geometry, emission profile, and optical interaction coefficients of the tissue. However, Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) treatment planning requires solving the inver...

The present work deals with the calculation of transport properties of Hg0.8Cd0.2Te (MCT) semiconductor in degenerate case. Due to their energy-band structure, this material becomes degenerate at moderate doping densities, which are around 10 cm, so that the usual Maxwell-Boltzmann approximation is inaccurate in the determination of transport parameters. This problem is faced by using Fermi-Dir...

In many engineering cases, uncertainties will exist on the frequency response functions (FRFs) of component models. Possible sources of uncertainty in the mechanical structure are uncertain material properties, loading conditions or geometry. When bringing together the component models together and interconnecting them into an assembly, it is of high interest to be able to predict the uncertain...

Background: The lack of lateral electronic disequilibrium (LED) becomes a main problem in small field. This factor affects the dose in target volume cannot predict correctly. In addition, utilization of high-energy linear accelerator (10 MV) can emit some unwanted particles (electron contamination). Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize head linear accelerator (linac) Varian Clin...