An efficient and accurate hybrid model of the Monte Carlo technique and the diffusion theory was developed to simulate the diffuse reflectance of light in a turbid slab due to an infinitely narrow light beam. The narrow beam was normally incident on the top surface of the slab. The hybrid model was accurate in modeling the diffuse reflectance near the light source, where the diffusion theory wa...

abstract background: accurate methods of radiation therapy dose calculation. there are different monte carlo codesfor simulation of photons, electrons and the coupled transport of electrons and photons. mcnpis a general purpose monte carlo code that can be used for electron, photon and coupledphoton-electron transport.monte carlo simulation of radiation transport is considered to be one of the ...

Modeling spreading processes in complex random networks plays an essential role in understanding and prediction of many real phenomena like epidemics or rumor spreading. The dynamics of such systems may be represented algorithmically by Monte-Carlo simulations on graphs or by ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Despite many results in the area of network modeling the selection of the best c...

Molecular level Monte Carlo simulations have been performed with various model potentials for the CH4–N2 vapor–liquid equilibrium at conditions prevalent in the atmosphere of Saturn’s moon Titan. With a single potential parameter adjustment to reproduce the vapor–liquid equilibrium at a higher temperature, Monte Carlo simulations are in excellent agreement with available laboratory measurements...

The goal of the work is to experimentally verify Monte Carlo modeling of fluorescence and diffuse reflectance measurements in turbid, tissue phantom models. In particular, two series of simulations and experiments, in which one optical parameter (absorption or scattering coefficient) is varied while the other is fixed, are carried out to assess the effect of the absorption coefficient (mu(a)) a...

We develop a financial model to assess the option value of outsourcing. We value the real options associated with outsourcing an item using Monte Carlo simulation. This valuation gives decision makers a way to choose the appropriate outsourcing strategy based on an integrated view of market dynamics. A simulation example is used to demonstrate the application of real options to value outsourcin...

Model-Based Design has become a standard in the automotive industry. In addition to the well-documented advantages that come from modeling control algorithms, [1,2,3,4] modeling plants can lead to more robust designs. Plant modeling enables engineers to test a controller with multiple plant parameters, and to simulate nominal or ideal values. Modeling variable physical parameters provides a bet...

Computer graphic reflection modeling techniques were used to study the surface reflection of paper. Models of the subsurface microstructure of paper were constructed and the reflection of light from these models was simulated using Monte Carlo methods. Measurements of the spatial distribution of light reflected from several paper samples were also taken. Factors studied that affect reflection f...

the determination of gyration radius is a strong research for configuration of a macromolecule. italso reflects molecular compactness shape. in this work, to characterize the behavior of theprotein, we observe quantities such as the radius of gyration and the average energy. we studiedthe changes of these factors as a function of temperature for acetylcholine receptor protein in gasphase with n...

We characterize the small-time asymptotic behavior of the exit probability of a Lévy process out of a twosided interval and of the law of its overshoot, conditionally on the terminal value of the process. The asymptotic expansions are given in the form of a first order term and a precise computable error bound. As an important application of these formulas, we develop a novel adaptive discretiz...