DPC4 is known to mediate signals initiated by type beta transforming growth factor (TGFbeta) as well as by other TGFbeta superfamily ligands such as activin and BMP (bone morphogenic proteins), but mutational surveys of such non-TGFbeta receptors have been negative to date. Here we describe the gene structure and novel somatic mutations of the activin type I receptor, ACVR1B, in pancreatic canc...

the objective of this review is to explore the current developments on major genes working on prolific sheep breeds and the mechanism behind it, while identifying the future working points. productivity is the ultimate goal of farm animal production and prolificacy is a key feature in determining productivity in farm animals. ovulation rate in mammals is an intricate process involving genetics ...

the modulation response, relative intensity noise and frequency noise characteristics of qd lasers are investigated theoretically, in presence of an additional optical pumping. it is revealed that the modulation response of qd laser enhances under additional optical beam. by small signal analysis of the carriers' and photons' rates, it is proposed that by injecting excess carriers to ...

The chloride channel antagonists anthracene-9-carboxylic acid, ethacrynic acid and niflumic acid were found to be fungistatic and morphogenic when tested against the ascomycete Neurospora crassa. Potency increased with decreasing pH, suggesting that the protonated forms of the compounds were active. Niflumic acid produced the most pronounced growth aberrations which may reflect an ability to ac...

White adipose tissue is an active endocrine gland communicates with the brain and the peripheral tissue including pancreatic beta cell through adipocytokines [1]. Examples of adipokines are; acylation stimulating protein (ASP), adiponectin, adipsin, angiotensinogen, bone morphogenic protein (BMP), estrogen, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), various IGF binding proteins, interleukins (ILs), ...

Bone remodeling, a coupled process involving bone resorption and formation, is initiated by mechanical signals and is controlled by local and systemic factors that regulate osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function. An excess of resorption over formation leads to the bone loss and increased propensity to fracture that is characteristic of osteoporosis. A newly described inhibitor o...

The rare finding of heterotopic ossification in a case of primary rectal adenocarcinoma is described along with a review of the literature. Immunohistochemistry for a bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), both of which induce and stimulate bone formation, was performed and revealed overexpression of BMP-2 by the tumor cells, elucidating a possible mechanism whic...

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies suggest that recombinant human bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP)-2 encased in a demineralized bone matrix scaffold (MS) is a comparable alternative to iliac crest bone grafting for secondary alveolar cleft repair. Post reconstruction occlusal radiographs are used to measure bone reconstitution but cannot evaluate bony growth in three dimensions. In this study, we use...