Effects of morpholinium chlorides, which exhibit fungicidal activity, on model lipid systems is discussed. It was shown by means of DSC and BLM techniques that for different salts possessing alkyl chains of identical length, the interaction with lipids depends strongly on the polar head charge and the structure of the salt. The results obtained and conclusions drawn can be useful in explaining ...

BACKGROUND Recent studies using transcript and metabolite profiles of wild-type and gene deletion mutants revealed that photorespiratory pathways are essential for the growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under atmospheric conditions. Pool size changes of primary metabolites, such as glycine and glycolate, indicated a link to photorespiration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The (13)C labellin...

Enzymes of intermediary metabolism are very specific. However, they are not absolutely specific, although some biochemistry textbooks might give this impression. They catalyze side reactions at modest, yet significant rates, by acting on substrates that structurally resemble their physiological substrates. The resulting side-products will accumulate and may have detrimental effects (e.g. by inh...

Intact spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf peroxisomes were supplied with glycolate and one to three of the amino acids serine, glutamate, and alanine, and the amount of the respective alpha-keto acids formed in glyoxylate transamination was assayed. At 1 millimolar glycolate and 1 millimolar each of the three amino acids in combination, the transamination reaction reached saturation; reduction...

Under conditions where glycolate synthesis was inhibited at least 50% in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf discs treated with glycidate (2,3-epoxypropionate), the ribulose diphosphate carboxylase activity in extracts and the inhibition of the activity by 100% oxygen were unaffected by the glycidate treatment. [1-(14)C]Glycidate was readily taken into leaf discs and was bound to leaf proteins,...

The effects of decreased flux in the glycolate pathway on photoinhibition was investigated in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. SR1) plants. These plants harbored a pumpkin cDNA for glycolate oxidase (GO), an enzyme in the glycolate pathway, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Some transformants showed both reduced amounts and reduced activities of GO. The...

Glycolate oxidase is a peroxisomal flavoprotein catalyzing the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate and plays crucial metabolic roles in green algae, plants, animals. It could serve as biocatalyst for enzymatic production glyoxylate, fine chemical with wide variety applications perfumery, flavor, pharmaceutical agrochemical industries. However, low catalytic activity native levels active enzyme...

In the title compound, [Cd(2)Cl(6)(C(4)H(10)NO)(2)](n), the coordination geometry of each Cd(II) ion is distorted octa-hedral, but with quite different coordination environments. One Cd(II) atom is coordinated by four Cl atoms and two O atoms from two morpholinium ligands, while the other is coordinated by six Cl atoms. Adjacent Cd(II) atoms are inter-connected alternately by paired chloride br...