OBJECTIVE To determine whether state booster seat laws were associated with decreased fatality rates in children 4 to 7 years of age in the United States. METHODS Retrospective, longitudinal analysis of all motor vehicle occupant crashes involving children 4 to 7 years of age identified in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System from January 1999 through December 2009. The main outcome measure...

OBJECTIVES To examine differences in motor vehicle and fall related death rates among older adults by sex, race, and ethnicity. METHODS Annual mortality tapes for 1990-98 provided demographic data including race and ethnicity, date, and cause of death. Trend analyses were conducted using Poisson regression. RESULTS From 1990-98, overall motor vehicle related death rates remained stable whil...

This paper aims to find the efficient state of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) by simultaneous optimization of the control strategy and the power train. The power transmission employed in this vehicle is a power-split continuously variable transmission (CVT) which uses several fixed ratio mechanisms. After describing this transmission, the rules of electric assist control strategy are introduced....

Invagination is a kind of intestine disease in children and it is occurred between 2 upto 14 years old. This is a report of 17 months infant with intussusception due to trauma. The patient had admitted to emergency department because of motor vehicle accident and because of abdominal pain, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan was done.

In this paper, an in-wheel vibration absorber for In-wheel-motor electric vehicle (IWM EV) is designed, and a comprehensive control strategy of in-wheel absorber and vehicle suspension is proposed to improve vehicle ride comfort. The proposed in-wheel vibration absorber, designed for suppressing the motor vibration, is composed of a spring and a controllable damper. The values of in-wheel sprin...

Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults worldwide. Nearly three-quarters of road deaths occur in developing countries and men comprise a mean 80% of casualties. This review summarizes studies on the epidemiology of motor vehicle accidents in developing countries and examines the evidence for association with alcohol.

Although airbags reduce the overall risk of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents, the airbag may cause injuries during deployment. We present a case of apparently isolated sternal fracture caused by airbag deployment during a motor vehicle crash and we discuss the ultrasonographic diagnosis. We also examine the mechanism of injury caused by the airbag.

Reducing the severity of injuries resulting from motor-vehicle crashes has long been a primary emphasis of highway agencies and motor-vehicle manufacturers. While progress can be simply measured by the reduction in injury levels over time, insights into the effectiveness of injury-reduction technologies, policies, and regulations require a more detailed empirical assessment of the complex inter...

An in-wheel motor electric vehicle has high unsprung mass because of its in-wheel motor, which decreases vehicle ride comfort and vehicle safety. This paper presents a controllable suspension employing an optimal design hybrid damping control strategy based on ideal skyhook and groundhook as a reference. A sliding mode controller is designed to make the plant track the ideal reference model. Th...

Electric vehicle (EV) is one of the effective solutions to control emission of greenhouses gases in the world. It is of interest for future transportation due to its sustainability and efficiency by automotive manufacturers. Various electrical motors have been used for propulsion system of electric vehicles in last decades. In this paper brushed DC motor, Induction motor (IM), switched reluctan...