Taking advantage of the ability of pentameric cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) to bind selectively to GM1, we developed recently a CTB-mediated GM1 lipid vesicle delivery system to target drugs and proteins to mucosal tissues [1]. In this report, we present the use of such a strategy to deliver an HIV envelope protein (HIV-env) to mucosal tissues via intranasal route. Intranasal administration of ...

Peyer's patches are known as mucosal inductive sites for humoral and cellular immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, functionally equivalent structures in the respiratory tract remain elusive. It has been suggested that nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) might serve as a mucosal inductive site in the upper respiratory tract. However, typical signs of mucosal inductive...

We have previously generated human monoclonal anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) antibodies 2F5IgG and 2G12IgG with an exceptional cross-clade neutralizing potential. 2F5IgG and 2G12IgG passively administrated to macaques were able to confer complete protection from both intravenous and mucosal challenge with pathogenic HIV-simian immunodeficiency virus chimeric strains and h...

The signals directing induction of tolerance rather than immunity are largely unknown. The CD8 T cell response to soluble Ags generally results in deletional tolerance following transient, costimulation-dependent activation. We demonstrated that CD40 signaling reversed the outcome of this response. Adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD8 T cells followed by soluble OVA immunization resulted in in...

To develop more potent and convenient mucosal vaccines, we investigated the effect of an in situ-gelling mucoadhesive vaginal vaccine delivery system and a genetic chemokine adjuvant on the local and systemic immune responses. The in situ-gelling mucoadhesive delivery system of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), composed of poloxamers and polycarbophil, showed the prolonged retention at the v...

Sir, Özcan, Nadeem Fazal, Mashkoor A. Choudhry, Richard L. Gamelli, and Mohammed M. Sayeed. Neutrophil depletion prevents intestinal mucosal permeability alterations in burn-injured rats. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 278: R1224–R1231, 2000.—Cutaneous thermal injury increases intestinal mucosal permeability. The mechanisms of this functional disturbance are not fully understo...

The effect of rebamipide, a novel antiulcer compound, on Helicobacter pyloni activated neutrophil dependent in vitro gastric epithelial cell injury was investigated. Luminol dependent chemiluminescence (ChL), which detects toxic oxidants from neutrophils exhibited a 12-fold increase when the bacterial suspension ofH pylon was added to the isolated human neutrophils. This change was significantl...

The effect of rebamipide, a novel antiulcer compound, on Helicobacter pylori activated neutrophil dependent in vitro gastric epithelial cell injury was investigated. Luminol dependent chemiluminescence (ChL), which detects toxic oxidants from neutrophils exhibited a 12-fold increase when the bacterial suspension of H pylori was added to the isolated human neutrophils. This change was significan...

Bacteriophages (phages) defend mucosal surfaces against bacterial infections. However, their complex interactions with their bacterial hosts and with the mucus-covered epithelium remain mostly unexplored. Our previous work demonstrated that T4 phage with Hoc proteins exposed on their capsid adhered to mucin glycoproteins and protected mucus-producing tissue culture cells in vitro. On this basis...

We investigated the role of cMOAT/MRP2 (canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter/multidrug resistance-associated protein 2) in the intestinal secretion of organic anions by comparing the behavior in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rat (EHBR) whose cMOAT/MRP2 is hereditarily defective. After i.v. administration of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (30 micromol/kg), the...