CONTEXT Speculation exists that use of a full face shield by ice hockey players may increase their risk of concussions and neck injuries, offsetting the benefits of protection from dental, facial, and ocular injuries, but, to our knowledge, no data exist regarding this possibility. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of sustaining a head or neck injury among intercollegiate ice hockey players wea...

This paper presents a layered encoding cascade evolutionary approach to solve a 0/1 knapsack optimization problem. A layered encoding structure is proposed and developed based on the schema theorem and the concepts of cascade correlation and multi-population evolutionary algorithms. Genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are combined with the proposed layered encoding stru...

Inter-cell interference leads to severe performance degradation in cellular networks, and the study of multi-user interference channel is the corner stone for solving this problem. Amplitude-space layered interference alignment (IA), as an effective complementation to the vector-space IA, is a promising method to increase the data rate in static interference channels. However, recent studies of...

PURPOSE To establish the protective efficacy against late complications of electron therapy using customized lead eye shields in cases with orbital and periorbital lesions. METHODS Between 1982 and 2006, 16 patients with 22 orbital and periorbital lesions were treated by electron therapy. Customized lead eye shields were prepared and placed in the respective patients' eyes during each fractio...

The braid group dynamics captures the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) as a manifestation of puncture phase. When the dynamics is generalized for particles on a multi-sheeted surface, we obtain new tools which determine the fractional charges, the quantum statistics, and the filling factors of the multi-layered FQHE. A many-quasihole wavefunction is proposed for the bilayered samples. We a...