The buccal mucosa lines the inner cheek, and buccal formulations are placed in the mouth between the upper gingivae (gums) and cheek to treat local and systemic conditions. The buccal route provides one of the potential route for typically large, hydrophilic and unstable proteins, oligonucleotides and polysaccharides, as well as conventional small drug molecules. The oral cavity has been used a...

6.1 pharmacosomes 6.2 neosomes 6.3 discosomes 6.4 pharmacosomes 6.5 nanoparticles 7. Various chemical approaches for ocular drug delivery 7.1 chemical drug delivery system:-7.2 enhancement of permeability by ion pair effect 7.3 soft drug approach

although the conventional therapies have obviously improved the conditions of patients with cancer, some mechanisms of resistance have led scientists to use alternative agents that can penetrate in most solid tumors. furthermore, the success of cancer therapies depends on limiting the uptake of toxins to normal tissues and their selectivity to malignant cells. the involvement of natural and gen...

Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily use to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their site of action. These routes of drug delivery may give the advantages like small amount of drug, less adverse reaction and rapid onset of action. The human respiratory system is complicated organ system these system consist of two reagions conducting airways and respira...

Controlled release drug delivery systems provide uniform concentration of drug to the absorption site and thus allow the maintenance of plasma concentration within the therapeutic range which minimizes not only the side effects but also the frequency of administration. Oral Sustained release (SR) products provide an advantage over conventional dosage forms by optimizing properties of drugs in s...

Nanotechnology is an emerging technology seeking to exploit distinct technological advances of controlling the structure of materials at a reduced dimensional scale approaching individual molecules and their organised aggregates or supramolecular structures. These technological innovations, referred to as nanomedicines by the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA), have the potential...

Current cancer therapies have attracted wide attention and have had promising success. [ 1–3 ] However, these therapies still have limitations such as (1) inability to bypass biological barriers, (2) nontargeted delivery and passive distribution of drugs, (3) ineffectiveness against metastatic disease, and (4) lack of an effective modality for treatment monitoring. [ 4–7 ] Over the past 20 year...

In the long-term management of ulcerative colitis patients, repeat dosing maybe required. Since 5-ASA is largely absorbed from the upper intestine, selective delivery of drugs into the colon may be regarded as a better method of drug delivery with fewer side effects and a higher efficacy. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate a double coated multiparticulate system for 5-ASA deliver...

To overcome the problems of gene and drug delivery, nanotechnology has gained interest in recent years. Nanosystems with different compositions and biological properties have been extensively investigated for drug and gene delivery applications. Nanotechnology in drug delivery has been manifested into nanoparticles that can have unique properties both in vitro and in vivo, especially in targete...