In sexual species, autosomal alleles are transmitted through multigeneration organismal pedigrees via pathways of descent involving both genders. Here, models assess the sampling properties of these gender-described transmission pathways. An isolation-by-distance model of mating was used to construct a series of computer population pedigrees by systematically varying neighborhood size and the t...

BACKGROUND Personal history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a lower incidence of prostate cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We hypothesized that genetic factors that are involved in the development of T2DM might protect against prostate cancer. METHODS We used a few Swedish registers, including the Swedish Multigeneration Register and the Cancer ...

The dietary change resulting from the domestication of plant and animal species and development of agriculture at different locations across the world was one of the most significant changes in human evolution. An increase in dietary carbohydrates caused an increase in dental caries following the development of agriculture, mediated by the cariogenic oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Salivar...

Treatment of foods, such as red meat and poultry, that contain palmitic acid with ionizing radiation leads to the formation of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), a compound found only in irradiated foods. In this study, the Salmonella mutagenicity test and the yeast DEL assay were used to evaluate the genotoxic potential of 2-DCB. Salmonella Typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA15...

Discrete behavioral strategies comprise a suite of traits closely integrated in their expression with consistent natural selection for such coexpression leading to developmental and genetic integration of their components. However, behavioral traits are often also selected to respond rapidly to changing environments, which should both favor their context-dependent expression and inhibit evoluti...

AIMS Familial risks for coronary heart disease (CHD) in families with multiple affected siblings have not been thoroughly studied. This nationwide cohort study aimed to determine familial risks for hospitalization or death due to CHD in families with multiple affected siblings. METHODS AND RESULTS The study is a nationwide follow-up study. The Swedish Multigeneration Register data on 0-76-yea...

The primary objective of this study is to predict the expiratory pressure-flow relationship in a human lung. Experiments and analysis of the flow in a single bifurcation provides a means to numerically synthesize the pressure-flow character for a complete lung, as well as providing insight to the fluid dynamic character of expiratory flow. A novel experimental technique was developed to measure...

Parasites often have a smaller geographic distribution than their hosts. Common garden infection trials can untangle the role that historical contingencies, ecological conditions and the genetic constitution of local host populations play in limiting parasite geographic range; however, infection trials usually overestimate the range of hosts in which a parasite could naturally persist. This stu...

Abstract Background With the increasing concerns on energy shortage and carbon emission issues worldwide, sustainable recovery from thermal processes is consistently attracting extensive attention. Nowadays, a significant amount of usable wasted not recovered worldwide every year. Meanwhile, discharging often causes environmental hazards. Significant social ecological impacts will be achieved i...