Introduction: The United Nations (UN) recognizes Small Island Developing States (SIDS) as a heterogenous group with common geographic and socio-economic challenges. Their vulnerability to disasters was exacerbated during COVID-19 because of emerging nationalism protectionism towards supply chains resources. This study aimed determine if multilateralism engagement improved outcomes Foreign Affai...

SUMMARY The regulation of international trade in air transport services involves an elaborate structure of bilateral agreements which fix a set of rules that identify the airlines of the contracting economies with the rights to fly on each route, determine the capacity that can be provided by each of those designated airlines limit the capacity that can be offered by airlines from third countri...

As important actors in global value chains (GVCs), multinational enterprises exercise coordination and control over worldwide commodity, production, service, workforce knowledge mobility. A level playing field for all GVC stakeholders remains absent. We argue empowering subordinated the design of inclusive governance, as a necessary condition, to harness power GVCs that enable many firms intern...