Social scientists are increasingly interested in multilevel hypotheses, data, and statistical models as well as moderation or interactions among predictors. The result is a focus on hypotheses and tests of multilevel moderation within and across levels of analysis. Unfortunately, existing approaches to multilevel moderation have a variety of shortcomings, including conflated effects across leve...

There is much interest these days in the importance of community institutions and resources for individual mortality and fertility. DHS data may seem to be a valuable source for such multilevel analysis. For example, researchers may consider including in their models the average education within the sample (cluster) of approximately 25 women interviewed in each primary sampling unit (PSU). Howe...

Multilevel inverters are considered as an alternative in the field of high power and medium voltage applications. They can synthesize the desired voltage from several levels of DC voltages. As the number of levels increases the output waveform can be approximated to a sine wave there by reducing the Total Harmonic Distortion. This paper presents the analysis and comparison of conventional three...

Meta-analysis can be considered a multilevel statistical problem, since information within studies is combined in the presence of potential heterogeneity between studies. Here a general multilevel model framework is developed for meta-analysis to combine either summary data or individual patient outcome data from each study, and to include either study or individual level covariates that might ...

The purpose of this series is to present methodological techniques to investigators and students from all functional areas of business, although individuals from other disciplines will also find the series useful. Each volume in the series will focus on a specific method The goal is to provide an understanding and working knowledge of each method with a minimum of mathematical derivations. Prop...

Multilevel analysis, originally developed in the fields of education, sociology, and demography, has received increasing attention in public health and epidemiology over the past few years. This glossary defines key terms and concepts in multilevel analysis. The intent is to provide conceptual explanations of basic concepts, particularly those that are fundamental, that have been used inconsist...

Combining innovations in hazard modeling with those in multilevel modeling, we develop a method to estimate discrete-time multilevel hazard models. We derive the likelihood of and formulate assumptions for a discrete-time multilevel hazard model with time-varying covariates at two levels. We pay special attention to assumptions justifying the estimation method. Next, we demonstrate file constru...

Traditional study designs, such as individual-level studies and ecological studies, are unable to simultaneously examine the effects of individual-level and group-level factors on risk of disease. Multilevel analysis overcomes this limitation by allowing the simultaneous investigation of factors defined at multiple levels. Areas in which multilevel modeling can be applied to sexually transmitte...