Giant fusiform basilar aneurysms (dolicho-ectatic basilar anomalies) are rare and have not previously been reported to cause embolic infarction in territory distal to the aneurysm. They most commonly present as posterior fossa mass lesions with brainstem compression and cranial neuropathies. Originally considered atherosclerotic in etiology, recent authors feel that they may represent a unique ...

osteochondroma or exostosis is the most common benign bone tumor, and occurring frequently in the proximal humerus, tibia, and distal femur. it rarely affects talus. osteochondroma of talus is a very rare etiology of tarsal tunnel syndrome (tts). we report a rare case of extensive osteochondroma of the talus in a 60 year old female presenting with multiple swellings around the ankle and symptom...

Over the past decade, behavior analysts have increasingly used the term establishing operation (EO) to refer to environmental events that influence the behavioral effects of operant consequences. Nonetheless, some elements of current terminology regarding EOs may interfere with applied behavior analysts' efforts to predict, control, describe, and understand behavior. The present paper (a) descr...

Background and Importance Plasmacytomas are monoclonal proliferations of plasma cells that may arise within soft tissue or bone. The skull base is a rare site for plasmacytomas to occur, and few cases have been reported in the literature. When present in the skull base, plasmacytomas may result in cranial neuropathies and often progress to multiple myeloma more rapidly than other intracranial o...

Abstract Background The immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) announced a new era in cancer treatment allowing long-term survival advanced cancers. However, immune related adverse events impose limitations being one of the main challenges when dealing with ICI treated patients. Neurologic toxicities have unique presentations and can progress rapidly, requiring prompt recognition. Among them, ICI-...