Inconsistencies frequently occur in news about the real-world. Some of these inconsistencies may be more significant than others, and some news may contain more inconsistencies than others. This creates problems of deciding whether to act on these inconsistencies, and if so how. Possible actions on an inconsistency in a news report include ignore the inconsistency, resolve the inconsistency, an...

A b s t r a c t. The paper deals with functional properties of three-valued logics. We consider the family of regular three-valued Kleene's logics (strong, weak, intermediate) and it's extensions by adding an implicative connectives (" natural " implications). The main result of our paper is the lattice that describes the relations between implicative extensions of regular logics. In this paper...

This paper deals with logic programs containing two kinds of negation: negation as failure and explicit negation. This allows two diierent forms of reasoning in the presence of incomplete information. Such programs have been introduced by Gelfond and Lifschitz and called extended programs. We provide them with a logical semantics in the style of Kunen, based on Belnap's four-valued logic, and a...

Usually, fuzzy logic (and multi-valued logics in general) are viewed as drastically different from the usual 2valued logic. In this paper, we show that while on the surface, there indeed seems to be a major difference, a more detailed analysis shows that even in the theories based on the 2-valued logic, there naturally appear constructions which are, in effect, multi-valued, constructions which...

This paper surveys methods to represent logic functions by cascades. First, a design method for multi-rail cascades with redundant inputs is shown. It uses logic minimization of SOPs (sumof-products expressions) or ESOPs (EXOR sum-of-products expressions) of multiple-valued inputs. Then, a design method for multi-rail cascades with irredundant inputs is shown. It uses functional decompositions ...

This paper shows some interesting properties of Kleene’s threevalued logic in relation to abductive reasoning. A semantical characterization of abductive explanations is proposed, based on the notion of minimal three-valued model. This establishes a relation between the minimization problem in abductive reasoning and three-valued semantics, in the same sense as non-monotonic reasoning deals wit...

A novel simple and compact multiple-path-switching device for multiple-valued decision diagram (MDD) is proposed and investigated theoretically in order to realize highperformance nanowire-network-based logic circuits with advanced functionality. The device is designed on multi-semiconductor-nanowire branches having a couple of size-controlled nanometer-scale Schottky wrap gates (WPGs). The dev...

Software model-checking based on the CEGAR framework can be made more precise by separating non-determinism from the lack of information due to abstraction. The two can be modeled individually using four-valued Belnap logic. In addition, this logic allows reasoning about negations effectively and thus enables checking of full CTL. In this paper, we present YASM – a new symbolic software model-c...

A method to perform diagnostic test generation in sequential circuits by modifying a conventional test generator is presented. The method utilizes circuit netlist modification along with a forced value at a primary input in the modified circuit. Techniques to reduce the computational effort for diagnostic test pattern generation in sequential circuits are also presented. Speed-up of the diagnos...