the purpose of this study was to investigate and to analyze the barriers to the development of sport cooperatives in iran professional sport with an emphasis on article 44. as this study was qualitative, elites and experts were qualitatively interviewed to identify the most important barriers to the development of sport cooperatives. the sample consisted of those subjects who provided the most ...

there are always factors and forces which stimulate and threaten the participation of women in social fields. the general goal of this research is to study the viewpoints of actors (agents, managing board, and members of cooperatives) on the participation of women in women’s cooperatives. this is a quantitative (descriptive) research. considering the limitations of research and the criterion pr...

This paper describes a knowledge-based useroriented interface system which is unique in its combined use of data base, graphics, and AI technologies. All of the data presented to the user, as well as all of the data input by the user, is maintained and used as abstract “objects” using an AI object-oriented knowledge representation approach. However, the system employs a relational data base as ...

A novel audio protection and authentication scheme is proposed in this paper. By quantizing a host audio’s FFTcoefficients as masking threshold units (MTUs), two complementary watermarks are designed and embedded using our cocktail watermarking method. For audio protection, high robustness can be achieved; whereas for audio authentication, tampered regions can be detected. Both of the above men...

Introduction Argan oil has sky-rocketed from a mere tourist attraction to one of the most prized oils in the world in a few short years. Argan oil’s unique savor and multiple pharmacological properties are responsible for this success. Argan oil is almost exclusively produced in southwestern Morocco, one of the poorest parts of the country, where all-women cooperatives specialize in high qualit...

With globalization, small rural producers must compete in a competitive economic market. Due to their small size and limited financial capacity, they face significant challenges in doing so. We discuss the design and evaluation of two mobile phone based tools to help small producers achieve economies of scale and a quality premium. These tools were developed using CAM, a camera-based mobile pho...

As it is well known, the theory of cooperative games finds applications in many fields. The goal of this paper is to highlight some applications of cooperative games, resulting from the cooperation between the Universities of Bergamo and Krakow, and some related open problems. The paper is organized in three main sections. The first deals with the description of some specific fields where the t...

This study investigates the impact of internationalization on the results achieved by agricultural cooperatives in the State of Parana, at the same time examining strategies for diversification of markets as well as diversification of products aimed exclusively at international markets. Of the 28 cooperatives to be included in the study, 67.9% returned valid structured questionnaires. The colle...