anatomy of the root canal system always effects endodontic treatment outcome. mandibular premolar teeth show extreme variations in root canal morphology. first premolars usually exhibit basic one root and one canal anatomy. the occurrence of three roots in mandibular first premolar has not been commonly reported in literature. this article reports a case of successful nonsurgical endodontic man...

background: recurrent abortion is a difficult medical problem happening in about 1-2% of fertile women. most spontaneous miscarriages which happen in the first and second trimesters are caused by chromosomal abnormalities. objective: the present study tries to find the rate of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss. materials and methods: in total 165 couples were re...

background: musculoskeletal disorders are one of difficulties in communities that has negative effect on various aspect of life. the aim of this study was to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders in students.   materials and methods: in this study cross-sectional descriptive-analytic approach, 306 college students were enrolled by using no probability purposive sampling method and also availabilit...

original article   musculoskeletal problems, resulting from lifting and transferring patients, are often reported among hospital orderlies worldwide. the purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders in thai hospital orderlies. this cross sectional study was conducted in a government tertiary care hospital (2,221-bed hospital) in bang...

abstract background: mental workload is a general concept in the literature of ergonomics and human factors that are affected by external working demands, environmental, psychological and organizational factors, organizational and mental abilities. the aim of this study was to assess the mental workload and its impact on musculoskeletal disorders among nurses employed at different parts of the ...

Computer models of the musculoskeletal system are broadly used to study the mechanisms of musculoskeletal disorders and to simulate surgical treatments. Musculoskeletal models have historically been created based on data derived in anatomical and biomechanical studies of cadaveric specimens. MRI offers an abundance of novel methods for acquisition of data from living subjects and is revolutioni...

A growing body of studies suggests that neurological and mental abnormalities foster conformity to norms of rationality that are widely endorsed in economics and psychology, whereas normality stands in the way of rationality thus defined. Here, we outline the main findings of these studies, discuss their implications for experimental design, and consider how 'sane' some benchmarks of rationalit...

Method of Controlling Epistaxis P. V. Wadsworth, F.R.C,S ................. 506 Treating Fibrositis I. H. J. Boume, M.B ..................... 506 Advisory Councils on Industrial Health S. A. Underwood, M.B., D.I.H ............. 506 Consultants' Salaries J. M. Brindle, F.F.R., and P. J. Briggs, M.R.C.S ,.. .... 507 Self-certification F. W. B. Breakey, M.B ................... 507 Mum's Not the Wor...

‘Normal’ comes from the latin norma, a carpenter’s square, and in mediaeval times meant something at a right angle or perpendicular. A few centuries later it came to mean conforming to a standard and was used in physics to refer to the average of a set of variables. If the variable concerned, such as head size or IQ, is continuous and has a normal distribution, by convention the normal range ha...

We propose a new approach to the use of circumscription for representing knowledge. Nested abnormality theories are similar to simple abnormality theories introduced by McCarthy, except that their axioms may have a nested structure , with each level corresponding to another application of the circumscription operator. The new style of applying circumscription sometimes leads to more economical ...