Chalcidoidea (approximately 22,000 described species) is the most ecologically diverse superfamily of parasitic Hymenoptera and plays a major role in the biological control of insect pests. However, phylogenetic relationships both within and between chalcidoid families have been poorly understood, particularly for the large family Pteromalidae and relatives. Forty-two taxa, broadly representing...

Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) eggs 1–10 days of age were exposed to Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault, Gonatocerus triguttatus Girault, and Gonatocerus fasciatus Girault (all Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in no choice laboratory trials to investigate egg age utilization and to determine which egg ages are vulnerable to attack by these three parasitoids. The H. coagulata egg ages th...

Thedevelopment, fecundity, and life tableparameters ofGonatocerus ashmeadiGirault, an egg parasitoid of the glassy-winged sharpshooter,Homalodisca coagulata (Say), were studied in the laboratory at six constant temperatures between 12 and 32 C. At 12 C, the parasitoid failed to develop beyond the third instar, and durations of the egg stage and the Þrst and second instarswere prolonged. Develop...

The aim of genetically comparing different populations of the same species of natural enemies is to identify the strain that is most adapted to the environment where it will be released. In the present study, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ISSR-PCR) was utilized to estimate the population genetic structure of Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), the ...