258 ment and are indicated for more aggressive therapies, such as myotomy-myectomy-septal resection, dual-chamber pacemaker implantation, alcohol injection in the septal artery, defibrillator implantation (used in cases at high risk for sudden death), and even heart transplantation 3,4. Mitral stenosis is usually of rheumatic origin, occurring mainly among women (approximately 66% of the cases)...

Achalasia is an uncommon primary motor disorder of the esophagus with an annual incidence of 0.8/100,000. Very few cases of coexistent Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and achalasia in patients without prior surgical myotomy or pneumatic dilation have been reported. We report the case of a 65-year-old female who was diagnosed with achalasia in June 2002. Endoscopy at that time revealed biopsy-confirmed...

Esophageal achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder. Commonly used treatments are botulinum toxin injections, endoscopic balloon dilation and surgical myotomy with or without fundoplication. We are hereby presenting the first case of laproscopic myotomy with fundoplication performed in Croatia. A 32-year old female was admitted to the hospital due to the symptoms of dysphagia, regurg...

Achalasia is very uncommon, and rarely does achalasia co-exist with esophageal varices. We present a 62-year-old woman who was diagnosed with both achalasia and esophageal varices in December 2014 and had a past history of hematemesis. The patient's achalasia symptoms' Eckardt score was 9, and her hepatic function was Child-Pugh grade A6. After comprehensive assessment of the patient's health a...

In two series of conscious healthy dogs, a study of duodenal electric activity was made to locate the pacemaker or site of the greatest intrinsic frequency of the pacesetter potential. In three dogs, an annular myotomy of the duodenum about 1 cm proximal (orad) to the biliary ampulla caused a reduction in the frequency of the pacesetter potential distal (caudad) to the conduction block and demo...

Abstract Background Oesophageal epiphrenic diverticulum’s are rare; reported in less than 0.5 per cent of the population. They noted however 1–3 patients complaining dysphagia. almost always associated with a motility disorder oesophagus. Surgery is generally only solution to help symptoms dysphagia and reflux. Methods This video highlights case moderate sized diverticulum causing significant T...

BACKGROUND Cricopharyngeal dysfunction may lead to severe dysphagia and aspiration. Several treatment modalities are available, such as external myotomy of the muscle, dilatation, and local infiltration with botulinum toxin. Recently, endoscopic transmucosal myotomies using a CO2 laser have been described. METHODS Endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy using a CO2 laser was performed in 10 consec...

• Vol 9 • May 2007 410 Zenker’s diverticulum (pharyngeal pouch) is a well-recognized problem occurring mainly in the elderly patient. Reduced cricopharyngeal compliance may be the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. Symptoms are derived both from the presence of the sac and from the cricopharyngeal abnormality [1] and usually include food regurgitation and dysphagia. Recurrent aspiration p...