in the new production systems, finding a way to improving the product and system reliability in design is a very important. the reliability of the products and systems may improve using different methods. one of this methods is redundancy allocation problem. in this problem by adding redundant component to sub-systems under some constraints, the reliability improved. in this paper we worked on ...

The species-level taxonomy of the subgenus Crematogaster (Orthocrema) in the Malagasy region is evaluated with both morphological data from worker and queen ants, and genetic data from three nuclear markers (long wavelength rhodopsin, arginine kinase and carbamoylphosphate synthase). These two types of data support the existence of six Orthocrema species: Crematogaster madecassa Emery, Crematog...

Temporary polygyny (the presence of multiple queens) occurs in honeybee colonies when virgin queens (VQs) are reared for reproductive swarming or queen replacement. During these events, workers perform vibration signals on queen cells and emerged queens, and these signals may influence which VQ becomes the new laying queen of a colony. We examined the role of vibration signals during queen comp...

strawberry (fragaria ananassa duch.) is a good source of natural antioxidants. fruits from eight strawberry (fragaria ananassa duch.) cultivars (‘kurdistan’, ‘merck’, ‘camarosa’, ‘paros’, ‘queen elisa’, ‘ventana’, ‘selva’ and ‘pajaro’) were harvested at ripen stage and analyzed for total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, vitamin c, total soluble solid and total antioxidant activity. ...

Algorithms: Backtracking This algorithm searches through all possible placements of queens until it finds a valid one. It starts by placing one queen in the first column and first row, then tries to place the other queens so that they do not conflict. Once there is no possible place to put a queen, it pulls the current queen off the board and tries the previous queen in its next row. The order ...

The regulation of reproductive division of labour is a key component in the evolution of social insects. Chemical signals are important mechanisms to regulate worker reproduction, either as queen-produced pheromones that coercively inhibit worker reproduction or as queen signals that honestly advertise her fecundity. A recent study suggested that a conserved class of hydrocarbons serve as queen...

To date very few studies have addressed the effects of inbreeding in social Hymenoptera, perhaps because the costs of inbreeding are generally considered marginal owing to male haploidy whereby recessive deleterious alleles are strongly exposed to selection in males. Here, we present one of the first studies on the effects of queen and worker homozygosity on colony performance. In a wild popula...

An algorithm is described for determining the interior layout of a building given three pieces of information: i) the footprint of each story; ii) a reasonably complete set of exterior features; and iii) a shape grammar that describes the building style. Essentially, the algorithm prunes a layout tree generated by interpreting the shape grammar with constraints extracted from the footprint and ...