BACKGROUND The standard treatment of Trichophyton rubrum nail bed onychomycosis (or distal subungual onychomycosis [DSO]) with daily terbinafine for 12 weeks involves treating for a fixed period shorter than the time required for complete replacement of the nail bed and overlying nail plate by normal growth. The same total amount of terbinafine pulse-dosed for approximately 12 months would trea...

cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. varamin ) an important industrial crop of iran, is grown in 300,000 ha, with an average seed -cotton yield of 1750 kg.ha-1. the main obstacle in the way of increasing average cotton yield is imbalanced fertilizer use. along with urea and triple super phosphate, cotton growers also need k, mg, zn, fe, mn, cu, and b, so these elements’ critical levels should ...

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introduction: intramedullary nailing (imn) of high tibia fracture has some mechanical and biological advantages over the other form of fixation. however, valgus, apex anterior malalignment and anterior displacement of proximal fragment commonly occur after isolated imn fixation of proximal high tibia fracture. the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using 3.5-mm locking c...

Photographic documentation of the nails is important in the objective evaluation of response to treatment and in disseminating scientific information related to nail diseases. The key to a good image of the nail is proper framing and achieving a sharp focused image with good contrast with the background, at the same time avoiding strong reflections from the nail surface. While the general princ...

Psoriasis can involve the skin, joints, and nails, either alone or in combination. Psoriasis of the nails can involve both the nail bed and nail matrix. The treatment of nail psoriasis largely depends on the severity of symptoms. The pulsed dye laser (PDL) recently has demonstrated efficacy in treating resistant plaque-type psoriasis and has been suggested as an alternative to conventional ther...

Onychogryphosis is an acquired nail plate change. It often affects the toenail and is characterized by an opaque, yellow-brownish nail plate that is distorted, grossly thickened, elongated, and partly curved resembling a ram's horn. Tuberous sclerosis complex is a multisystem disorder associated with high rates of mental retardation, autism, cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, or seizure...

Synopsis The permeation of chemicals across the nail plate and their consequent effects are discussed in relation to cosmetic toxicity and possible clinical efficacy. The reviewed data are then assessed and placed in context with recent observations on the direct assessment of permeability of the human nail plate. Although marked differences between the diffusional barrier characteristics of na...

The yellow nail syndrome is a scarcely described condition characterized by dystrophic yellowish nails, respiratory disturbances and lymphedema; while the pincer nail deformity is characterized by thickening and excessive transverse curvature of the nail plate. The objective of this case study is to report a 76-year-old Japanese descent woman with yellow nail syndrome and pincer nails, intestin...