BACKGROUND Thousands of air bubbles enter the cerebral circulation during cardiac surgery, but whether high numbers of bubbles explain post-operative cognitive decline is currently controversial. This study estimates the size distribution of air bubbles and volume of air entering the cerebral arteries intra-operatively based on analysis of transcranial Doppler ultrasound data. METHODS Transcr...

Wastewater treatment plant effluents can be an important source of contamination in agricultural reuse practices, as pharmaceuticals are poorly degraded by conventional treatments and enter crops, thereby becoming a toxicological risk. Therefore, advanced tertiary required. Ozone (O3) is promising alternative due to its capacity degrade pharmaceutical compounds, together with disinfecting power...

Determining how to apply hydrogen as a therapeutic/preventive antioxidant for oxidative-stress-related diseases practically in daily life has not been studied. The effects of bathtubs and buckets filled with water (41 °C, >10 min bathing) were investigated on six subjects, without medical prescription, suffering from skin roughness the foot, hand, finger, or elbow. They also treated an elect...

An approach to the kinetics of barrier formation of supercritical gas bubbles in a strongly supersaturated liquid solution is presented. A common assumption of uniform reduction of a dissolved gas supersaturation in a liquid solution via stationary diffusion to nucleating gas bubbles is shown to be not applicable to the case of high gas supersaturations. The approach recognizes that the diffusi...

Most cool core clusters of galaxies possess active galactic nuclei (AGN) in their centers. These AGN inflate buoyant bubbles containing non-thermal radio emitting particles. If such bubbles efficiently confine cosmic rays (CR) then this could explain “radio ghosts” seen far from cluster centers. We simulate the diffusion of cosmic rays from buoyant bubbles inflated by AGN. Our simulations inclu...

This paper reviews a model of bubbles under the assumption of heterogeneous rational traders. In the presence of dispersion of opinions, or sequential awareness, financial bubbles are justified by the interactions between rational arbitrageurs and behavioural traders. Timing is a very important component in the trader's strategy. This model is then extended to explain both bubbles and overshoot...

Bubbles confined in microchannels self-organize without directly contacting one another when excited by an external acoustic field. The bubbles tend to form periodic "crystal"-like lattices with a finite interbubble distance. This equilibrium distance can be adjusted by simply tuning the acoustic frequency. This new type of crystal is purely mediated by acoustic surface waves emitted by the pul...

Abstract We report the results of an experiment designed to study the role of institutional structure in the formation of bubbles and crashes in laboratory asset markets. In a setting employing double auctions and call markets as trading institutions, bubbles and crashes are a quite robust phenomenon. The only factor appearing to reduce bubbles is experience across markets. In this study, we em...