objective:at the present study, relationship between phagocytosis of plga particles and combined effects of particle size and surface pegylation was investigated.  materials and methods:microspheres and nanospheres (3500 nm and 700 nm) were prepared from three types of plga polymers (non-pegylated and pegylation percents of 9% and 15%). these particles were prepared by solvent evaporation metho...

A review of the applications polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) for investigation quantum materials is provided. Recent studies superconductors, strongly correlated oxides, hydrogen-induced modifications, topological insulators and chiral magnets are highlighted. The PNR technique uses a beam spin-polarized neutrons to measure nanomagnetic structure thin films heterostructures, with sensitiv...

hypothesis may still lbe a topic for controversy among philosophers, but among the great majority of active scientists I think it is accepted without question The workings of our minds and bodles, and of all the animate or lnanimate matter of which we have any detailed knowledges are as sumed to be controlled by the same set o£ fundamental laws which except under certain extreme conditions we f...

For a model of weakly coupled quantum Ising chains we outline the phase diagram and establish that well below the transition line the system has a remarkably one-dimensional spectrum. We study the dynamical magnetic susceptibility and find a very rich spectrum with several modes corresponding to a fundamental particle and its bound states. The approach is based on the Bethe ansatz and the rando...

Precipitative mixing experiments have been conducted with the aid of a turbidimeter and a darkfield microscope. The results of these experiments, correlated with observations of macroscopic features, indicate that serological precipitation is largely governed by a highly specific mechanism except in the terminal period, when the operation of non-specific forces becomes apparent. The findings ar...

In theoretical physics, paradoxes are good. That’s paradoxical, since a paradox appears to be a contradiction, and contradictions imply serious error. But Nature cannot realize contradictions. When our physical theories lead to paradox we must find a way out. Paradoxes focus our attention, and we think harder. When David Gross and I began the work that led to this Nobel Prize [1, 2, 3, 4], in 1...