BACKGROUND The 3-dimensionally complex interplay of soft tissue, cartilaginous, and bony elements makes the mastery of nasal anatomy difficult. Conventional methods of learning nasal anatomy exist, but they often involve a steep learning curve. Computerized models and virtual reality applications have been used to facilitate teaching in a number of other complex anatomical regions, such as the ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the interdomal fat pad, an important anatomical structure that, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the rhinoplasty literature. DESIGN Anatomical observations were made during a consecutive series of external rhinoplasties, and the existence of the interdomal fat pad was documented in patients with noses of varying nasal skin thicknesses. SETTING Private facial ...

Osseocalcineus metaplasia (OCM) of the tracheal cartilages is well known, but no exact data are available relating it to age and sex. To resolve this problem we analysed tracheal teleradiograms of 99 female (age: 0.4-92; x = 59.98 +/- +/- 22.75 years) and 110 male patients (age: 0-83; x = 53.53 +/- 19.95 years). As the first step we estimated the percentage of trachea that had complete lesions,...

Many bony features of the face develop from endochondral ossification preexisting collagen-rich cartilage structures. The proper development these structures is essential to morphological formation face. developmental programs governing pre-bone facial cartilages are sensitive chemical compounds that disturb histone acetylation patterns and chromatin structure. We have taken advantage this fact...

In 2013, we reported that local renin-angiotensin system (local RAS) components express during the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes and can modulate it, using ATDC5 cell line that involves differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells to calcified hypertrophic chondrocytes. However, the expressions of local RAS components in normal chondrocytes have not been revealed yet. The purpose ...

Sulfated proteoglycans synthesized by intact embryonic chick vertebral cartilages maintained in organ culture were characterized by labeling the vertebral chondrocytes with [35S]sulfate. More than 95% of the sulfated macromolecules synthesized by the cartilages are retained in their extracellular matrix. Sucrose velocity sedimentation gradient analyses revealed that the intact cartilages synthe...

We utilize a novel, transgenic cell-labeling system to assess the embryonic derivation of cartilages in the post-metamorphic skull of anuran amphibians. Many of these cartilages form de novo at metamorphosis and have no obvious precursors within the larval skeleton. Most adult cartilages are derived from mandibular- or hyoid-stream neural crest, either individually or in combination; branchial-...

The mechanical functions of the menisci may be partially performed through the fluid pressurization in articular cartilages and menisci. This creep behavior has not been investigated in whole knee joint modeling. A three-dimensional finite element knee model was employed in the present study to explore the fluid-flow dependent creep behaviors of normal and meniscectomy knees. The model included...