OBJECTIVE To comprehensively review the progress to date on the development of alternative routes for insulin delivery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Study data were collected through a Medline review. RESULTS Proof of principle has been established for many routes of administration including dermal, nasal, oral, buccal, and pulmonary insulin delivery. CONCLUSIONS Of all the approaches to d...

Background Intranasal sprays must be delivered to the nasal cavity in sufficient volume, appropriate viscosity and droplet size and with a technique that allows optimal retention, maximizes absorption from the mucosa, and the potential for maximum therapeutic effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate nasal drug run-off after administration of MP29-02* (a novel intranasal formulation of azel...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether lung volume changes and breathing pattern parameters differ among 3 devices for delivery of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in premature infants. METHODS Thirty-two premature infants receiving nasal CPAP for apnea or mild respiratory distress were enrolled. Birth weight was (mean +/- standard deviation) 1081 +/- 316 g, gestational age 29 +/- 2 w...

Recently, nasal route has received a great deal of attention as a method for systemic administration of drugs, especially those that have to be administered by injection. The nasal route is advantageous because of the rapid absorption of drug molecules across the nasal mucosa and the relative ease of administration (1). Nasal powder formulations may improve chemical and microbiologic stability ...