The nasopalatine duct (NPD) is a bilateral, epithelium-lined oronasal communication formed in the early fetal period. It connects the oral cavity with the nasal cavity within the primary palatal process. Mostly, the NPD obliterates during prenatal development and only epithelial remnants can be found after birth. A persistent NPD is therefore considered a developmental abnormality that often ex...

The superior alveolar nerves course lateral to the maxillary sinus and the greater palatine nerve travels through the hard palate. This difficult three-dimensional anatomy has led some dentists and oral surgeons to a critical misunderstanding in developing the anterior and middle superior alveolar (AMSA) nerve block and the palatal approach anterior superior alveolar (P-ASA) nerve block. In thi...

BACKGROUND The most important step in bone graft management is soft tissue coverage. Dehiscence of the wound leads to graft exposure and subsequent problems. PURPOSE This study introduces an axial pattern flap for bone graft coverage in anterior maxilla. PATIENTS AND METHODS Use of Anterior Palatal Island Advancement Flap is presented by the authors. It is a mucoperiosteal flap with axial p...

Traumatic spinal cord injury is one of the important causes of disability.in some of vertebral fractures,spinal canal is deformed and compromised.the relationship between the shape of the cervical canal and spinal cord hnjury has been proved but such a correlation for thoraculombar spine 50 patients with compromised canal(cases) and 50 oatients with intact canal were evaluated in the light of s...

Introdouction: Variations in root canal morphology pose a challenge for successful endodontic treatment. The root canal anatomy of the maxillary first molar has been often described as three roots with four canals (two mesiobuccal, one distobuccal, and one palatal). The occurrence of two palatal canals in one palatal root is quite rare. This report represents the case of a maxillary first molar...