objective(s):skin extracellular matrix, which contains type i and type iii collagens, is involved in skin development. the aim of this study was to investigate type iii collagen distribution pattern as well as its changes during pre and post-natal skin morphogenesis in rats. materials and methods: ventral skins of wistar rat embryos at different stages from 10 to 20 gestational day (e10-e20) an...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two regimes during rats' gestation and lactation on learning, memory and motor function of their offspring. for this purpose, female rats (albino-wistar) were obtained from pasteur institute, iran. after mating, 12 pregnant rats were divided into three groups and they had their special regimes during their last week of pregnancy as we...

This study discusses problems and facilities in pre-natal and post-natal conditions of rural women at Palosi Peshawar, focusing on the various components of pre and post-natal conditions and facilities available in the area. The researcher selected 30 beneficiaries through purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire and interview schedule were used as the tools of data collection. Data was anal...

BACKGROUND Rates of gender-based violence (GBV) in South Africa (SA) are among the highest in the world. In societies where social ideals of masculinity encourage male dominance and control over women, gender power imbalances contribute to male perpetration and women's vulnerability. The drivers that cause men to perpetrate GBV and those that lead to HIV overlap and interact in multiple and com...

Perinatal choline supplementation in rats is neuroprotective against insults such as fetal alcohol exposure, seizures, and advanced age. In the present study we explored whether dietary choline supplementation may also confer protection from psychological challenges, like stress, and act as a natural buffer against stress-linked psychological disorders, like depression. We previously found that...

This work tests the psychometric features of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ), a self-report instrument that measures the fear of childbirth, in an Italian sample. To 522 Italian primiparous women attending antenatal classes, the following assessments were administered: Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (Wijma, Wijma, & Zar, 1998), StateTrait Anxiet...

Several marine animals, including salmon and sea turtles, disperse across vast expanses of ocean before returning as adults to their natal areas to reproduce. How animals accomplish such feats of natal homing has remained an enduring mystery. Salmon are known to use chemical cues to identify their home rivers at the end of spawning migrations. Such cues, however, do not extend far enough into t...