In this work, we present the excitation strategy, experimental setup, and results of an implementation of krypton tagging velocimetry (KTV) as applied to an underexpanded jet of three mixtures. We demonstrate that the KTV technique can be employed with gas mixtures of relatively low krypton concentration (0.5% Kr/99.5% N2) and conclude that the KTV technique shows promise as a velocimetry diagn...

Depleted natural gas reservoirs are a promising target for Carbon Sequestration with Enhanced Gas Recovery (CSEGR). The focus of this study is on evaluating the importance of Joule-Thomson cooling during CO2 injection into depleted natural gas reservoirs. Joule-Thomson cooling is the adiabatic cooling that accompanies the expansion of a real gas. If Joule-Thomson cooling were extreme, injectivi...

BACKGROUND Hydraulic fracturing technologies, developed over the last 65 years, have only recently been combined with horizontal drilling to unlock oil and gas reserves previously deemed inaccessible. Although these technologies have dramatically increased domestic oil and natural gas production, they have also raised concerns for the potential contamination of local water supplies with the app...

Attenuation in a gas results from a combination of classical attenuation, attenuation from diffusion, and attenuation due to molecular relaxation. In previous papers [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 1955 (2001); 110, 2974 (2001)] a model is described that predicts the attenuation from vibrational relaxation in gas mixtures. In order to validate this model, the attenuation was measured using a pulse te...

The present sought to draw a comparison between Model Predictive Control performance and two other controllers named Simple PI and Selective PI in controlling large-scale natural gas transport networks. A nonlinear dynamic model of representative gas pipeline was derived from pipeline governing rules and simulated in SIMULINK® environment of MATLAB®. Control schemes were designed to provide a s...

A Unified Flow Solver (UFS) has been developed for simulations of rarefied, transitional and continuum flows based on direct numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation coupled to kinetic schemes of gas dynamics. The UFS uses dynamically adaptive mesh and automatic domain decomposition into kinetic and continuum domains based on continuum breakdown criteria. This paper describes UFS extensions...

A systematic design strategy for spiral-wound gas separation systems is studied using a recently proposed algebraic permeator model (Qi and Henson, Approximate modeling of spiral-wound gas permeators, J. Membrane Sci. 121 (1996) 11–24). Nonlinear programming (NLP) is used to determine operating conditions which satisfy the separation requirements while minimizing the annual process cost. The de...

A Gas Electron Multiplier with Micro-Induction Gap Amplifying Structure (GEM-MIGAS) is formed when the induction gap of the GEM is set between 50 and 100 mm using kapton pillars spaced at regular intervals. This configuration combines the properties of a GEM and Micromegas, allowing operation in tandem to generate high charge gains. We measured the essential operational parameters of this syste...

The mixture of oxygen and nitrogen is usually sufficient to achieve the therapeutic objective of supporting adequate gas exchange. Pediatric and neonatal patients have an assortment of physiologic conditions that may require adjunctive inhaled gases to treat the wide variety of diseases seen in this heterogeneous population. Inhaled nitric oxide, helium oxygen mixtures, inhaled anesthetics, hy...