OBJECTIVE To determine whether duration of antibiotic exposure is an independent risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). STUDY DESIGN A retrospective, 2:1 control-case analysis was conducted comparing neonates with NEC to those without from 2000 through 2008. Control subjects were matched on gestational age, birth weight, and birth year. In each matched triad, demographic and risk fa...

primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (nec) of the mediastinum is a rare type of carcinoma. according to the literature, only five cases of this condition have been reported so far. in this paper, we present a rare case of mediastinal nec of unknown primary site. the patient was a 34-year-old man with mediastinal nec, who presented with chronic dry cough and a right-sided mediastinal mass one year p...

background: feeding intolerance is a common problem among premature infants. there is limited information on the safety and effects of oral probiotic supplements, especially products containing lactobacillus reuteri, and the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) in low birth weight preterm infants. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of lactobacillus reuteri on the gastrointestinal ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of dual-strain probiotics on the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), mortality and nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI) in preterm infants in German neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). DESIGN A multi-center interrupted time series analysis. SETTING 44 German NICUs with routine use of dual-strain probiotics on neonatal ward level. PATIENT...

BACKGROUND The appropriate use of antibiotics for preterm infants, which are highly susceptible to develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), is not clear. While antibiotic therapy is commonly used in neonates with NEC symptoms and sepsis, it remains unknown how antibiotics may affect the intestine and NEC sensitivity. We hypothesized that broad-spectrum antibiotics, given immediately after prete...

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease of preterm infants. Increased intestinal epithelium permeability is an early event in NEC pathogenesis. Autophagy and apoptosis are induced by multiple stress pathways which may impact the intestinal barrier, and they have been associated with pathogenesis of diverse gastrointestinal diseases including inflammato...

ECRG-1 (esophageal cancer-related gene 1) has been previously found to be down-regulated in human esophagus cancer. Transient expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged ECRG1 showed plasma membrane localization. Treatment of esophagus cancer cell line (NEC) with ECRG-1 fusion protein and over-expression of ECRG-1 in NEC cells can significantly reduce the in vitro proliferation rate of...

The move towards Network Enabled Capability (NEC) by the UK Ministry of Defence is designed to achieve enhanced military effect through the networking and coherent integration of existing and future resources including sensors, weapon systems, and decision makers to achieve a more flexible and responsive military. This paper addresses the existing reliability and sustainability issues of large-...

Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) of the pancreas are defined by a mitotic count > 20 mitoses/10 high power fields and/or Ki67 index > 20%, and included all the tumors previously classified as poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas. These latter are aggressive malignancies with a high propensity for distant metastases and poor prognosis, and they can be further divided into small- and large-c...

Here, we report a case of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma showing an interesting tumorigenic pathway. A 57-year-old Japanese woman presented with epigastric tenderness, and distal gastrectomy was performed. In the surgical specimen, histologically, the tumor tissue was composed of three subtypes of tumor components showing different histological architecture and cellular atypia, diagnosed as n...