This paper presents results of experimental and theoretical studies of light transmission through optical fibers with disorder generated in its germanium-doped core via UV radiation transmitted through a diffuser. The experimental results on transmission of the radiation of 543 nm wavelength demonstrate the presence of the disorder in the core of the optical fiber – beyond a certain characteris...

Objectives: To estimate exposures to asbestos fibers of specific sizes among asbestos textile manufacturing workers exposed to essentially pure chrysotile using data from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and to evaluate the extent to which the risk of lung cancer varies with fiber length and diameter. Methods: 3803 workers employed for at least 1 day between 1 January 1950 and 31 December...

Prolonged microgravity exposure alters human skeletal muscle by markedly reducing size, function, and metabolic capacity. Preserving skeletal muscle health presents a major challenge to space exploration beyond low Earth orbit. Humans express three distinct pure myosin heavy chain (MHC) muscle fiber types (slow fast: MHC I, IIa, and IIx), along with hybrids (MHC I/IIa, IIa/IIx, and I/IIa/IIx). ...

Physically effective fiber is needed by dairy cattle to prevent ruminal acidosis. This study aimed to examine the effects of different sources of physically effective fiber on the populations of fibrolytic bacteria and methanogens. Five ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were each fed five diets differing in physically effective fiber sources over 15 weeks (21 days/period) in a Latin Square des...

Obtaining reproducible fiber direction estimates from diffusion MRI is crucial for successful fiber tracking. Modeling and visualizing the probability distribution of the inferred fiber directions is an important step in evaluating and comparing different acquisition schemes and fiber models. However, this distribution is usually strongly dominated by its main direction, which makes it difficul...

Two Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways, mediated by the Ca2+-activated phosphatase calcineurin and by the Ca2+-activated kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK), are both believed to function in fast-to-slow skeletal muscle fiber type transformation, but questions about the relative importance of the two pathways still remain. Here, the differential gene expression during fast-to-slow fib...

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of soybean hulls (SH) containing varying ratios of insoluble:soluble fiber (I:S) on nutrient digestibilities and fecal characteristics of dogs. Ileally cannulated dogs (n = 6) were fed seven diets in a 6 x 7 Youden square arrangement of treatments. The seven diets included five SH-containing diets with I:S of 1.9, 2.7, 3.2, 5.2 or 7.2 and two ...

Fiber size is an important factor in the tumorigenicity of various mineral fibers and asbestos fibers in animal experiments. We examined the time course of the ability to induce lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) from human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to Japan Fibrous Material standard reference samples (glass wool, rock wool, micro glass fiber, two types of refractory ceramic ...

This paper represents the study of light sources for optical communication through the optical fiber. For this purpose, the ideal light source characteristics have been studied. According to the study, the semiconductor LASER diodes are preferable sources over LEDs. From the family of LASER diodes, Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers are considered as source. They have low threshold current and h...

Hippocampal slices from pilocarpine-treated rats were used to explore the effect of zinc released at mossy fiber synapses on dentate granule cells. Chelation of zinc enhanced the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated component of the excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), but did not affect the AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated component. Its effect was detectable only at negative membran...