We investigated the effects of antiforeigner political advertisements on implicit and explicit stereotypes. While stereotypical associations may become automatically activated (implicit stereotypes), individuals can reject these thoughts and decide not to use them for an overtly expressed judgment (explicit stereotypes). We hypothesized that even if citizens negated stereotypical content, adver...

INTRODUCTION Stereotype awareness--or an individual's perception of the degree to which negative beliefs or stereotypes are held by the public--is an important factor mediating public stigma, self-stigma and their negative consequences. Research is required to assess how individuals become more sensitive to perceive stereotypes, pointing the way to therapeutic options to reduce its negative eff...

Societal perceptions may factor into the high rates of nontreatment in patients with lung cancer. To determine whether bias exists toward lung cancer, a study using the Implicit Association Test method of inferring subconscious attitudes and stereotypes from participant reaction times to visual cues was initiated. Participants were primarily recruited from an online survey panel based on US cen...

BACKGROUND Research concerning negative attitudes toward the elderly among samples of North American respondents has uncovered two distinct yet comparable three-factor structures: (1) avoidance, antilocution and separation; and (2) discrimination, stereotypes and affective attitudes. In addition, previous research has demonstrated that men and younger people have more negative attitudes toward ...

The “hyggelige” Danes and the arrogant Germans – Communicative Differences as a Consequence of National Stereotypes?
 aim this article is to discuss why German students code switch between Danish in more appropriate way than their fellow do. data consist approximately 230 emails written by 40 enrolled Cross-Border Study Programme at University Southern Denmark Europa-Universität Flensburg....

All people share knowledge of cultural stereotypes of social groups--but what are the origins of these stereotypes? We examined whether stereotypes form spontaneously as information is repeatedly passed from person to person. As information about novel social targets was passed down a chain of individuals, what initially began as a set of random associations evolved into a system that was simpl...

I. Concise Overview of the Literature People are often judged or stereotyped according to their group membership(s). Group membership can include (but is not limited to) ethnicity, race, gender, age, and religious affiliation. Stereotypes about an individual’s group, which can be shaped as either positive or negative, elicit a variety of emotions. Negative stereotypes often cause negative respo...

Background and Objectives: After the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine, an increase has been observed in the disease due to nonspecific stereotypes of the vaccine. This study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of pneumococcal vaccine coverage and common stereotypes of streptococcus pneumonia after vaccine introduction in the vaccine recipient countries.   Methods: The ...

This study examines the construction of negative stereotypes and efforts to build counter-stereotypes for Madurese by utilizing their cultural identities. The are known as one ethnic groups in Indonesia who often become object stereotypes. A number include stubbornness, stiffness, temperamental, vengefulness, unruly, lack respect others, irritability, loud voices, courtesy, education, easily co...