background: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the fallopian tube of women with infertility and to observe whether there are any significant differences in the hysterosalpingogram findings with regard to prevalence of tubal block in women with primary and secondary infertility. methods: a retrospective study of unilateral and bilateral tubal obstruction in hysterosalpingogram of women wi...

Electrical burns to the oral commissure result in significant contracture, with resultant microstomia and severe disfigurement if left untreated. Successful management requires the skills of both the pediatric dentist and plastic surgeon, and good cooperation from the patient and parents. Splinting appliances reportedly have reduced the possibility of scar contracture following a burn to the li...

Twenty-four human legs were dissected macroscopically to study the morphological details of the accessory deep peroneal nerve. This nerve arose from the superficial peroneal nerve and descended in the lateral compartment of the leg, deep to peroneus longus along the posterior border of peroneus brevis. Approaching the ankle joint, this nerve passed through the peroneal tunnels to wind around th...

The first case of non-operative occlusion of a large coronary to bronchial anastomosis is described. The patient who had severe angina had also a critical stenosis of the anterior descending coronary artery which was successfully dilated by an angioplasty procedure. An occluding balloon was detached in the large distal circumflex coronary artery, beyond all the normal branches. At a repeat cath...

The article provides anatomic information about cervicothoracic ganglion in roe deer. For this purpose 12 cervicothoracic ganglia obtained from the right and left sides of 6 mature roe deer weighing 18-25 kg of both sexes were investigated. Cervicothoracic ganglion was located at the first intercostal space and ventrolateral side of longus colli muscle. This ganglion which was in various forms ...

The repair of injured or transected nerves is frequently encountered in head and neck surgery. Recently, CO2 lasers with milliwatt capability and micrometer spot sizes have been developed that may be used in nerve anastomosis. A comparative study was performed between microsuture and CO2 laser repair of transected sciatic nerves in rats. Nerve regeneration was measured in terms of morphology, e...

Previous studies have shown that the secondary degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) occurs commonly in glaucoma. Partial optic nerve transection is considered a useful and reproducible model. Compared with other optic nerve injury models used commonly for assessing secondary degeneration, e.g. complete optic nerve transection and optic nerve crush models, the partial optic nerve transe...

The blood supply of the optic nerve has been a subject of controversy for at least 200 years, since the description of the arterial circle around the optic nerve head by Zinn (1755) and Haller (1754). Numerous papers have been written concerning the subject and in the past few years new techniques of injection, micro-angiography, and dissection and Neoprene casts have resulted in further papers...

OBJECTIVE Determine, through dissection in fresh cadavers, the topographic anatomy of the tibial nerve and its branches at the ankle, in relation to the tarsal tunnel. METHODS Bilateral dissections were performed on 26 fresh cadavers and the locations of the tibial nerve bifurcation and its branches were measured in millimeters. For the calcaneal branches, the amount and their respective nerv...

The panicle architecture of rice is an important characteristic that influences reproductive success and yield. It is largely determined by the number and length of the primary and secondary branches. The number of panicle branches is defined by the inflorescence meristem state between determinacy and indeterminacy; for example, the maize ramosa2 (ra2) mutant has more branches in its tassel thr...