Transformers are the basic and valuable equipment of electricity network. Transformers correct function has important role in reliability of network .distribution transformers are designed for work at nominal frequency and full sinus current. Application of nonlinear loads in recent decades, such as power electronic loads, caused higher levels of harmonic. This kind of load can lead to creating...

In the past, our proposed HCoP-B has achieved route optimization and resolved the RO-storm problem for handoffs of the nested mobile network. However, because HCoPB was a pure layer three, i.e., network layer, approach which handoff operations were performed after the layer two, i.e., data link layer, link breaks, it still suffered from a long handoff latency and serious packet losses. In this ...

This paper focuses on the performance of VoIP calls under various situations, namely, during a handover, under different background traffic conditions (normal and heavy traffic load/saturation conditions) at a wireless access point, and in the presence of interference. Using empirical-based measurements, we demonstrate that various network conditions exhibit distinct statistical behaviour in te...

Local production losses caused by unanticipated catastrophic events such as extreme weather, earthquakes and terror attacks entail a high risk of being spread through the globalised supply network thereby affecting many economies. As a contribution to the assessment of the supply network vulnerability to these events, we provide a novel measure for the propagation of production losses. It is in...

TCP is designed for networks with assumption that major losses occur only due to congestion of network traffic. On a wireless network TCP misinterprets the transmission losses due to bit errors and handoffs as losses caused by congestion, and triggers congestion control mechanisms. Because of its end to end delivery model, congestion handling and avoidance mechanisms, TCP has been widely accept...

We explore the performance of reliable data communication in mobile computing environments. Motion across wireless cell boundaries causes increased delays and packet losses while the network learns how to route data to a host's new location. Reliable transport protocols like TCP interpret these delays and losses as signs of network congestion. They consequently throttle their transmissions, fur...

As network data rates scale-up, an understanding of how and why traffic characteristics change is needed. We study the characteristics of bulk data transfer TCP/IP flows in a fully-switched Gigabit Ethernet network. Both disk-to-disk and memory-to-memory transfers are studied. We investigate flow characteristics as a function of link speed, server load, operating system (Linux and WindowsNT), a...

In a Mobile Ad hoc Network, the mobility of a node is unpredictable. The mobility is considered as one of the characteristics of a wireless network. In addition, the energy limit of the nodes must also be taken into consideration when designing routing protocols. This is an essential issue since energy consumption reduces the wireless network connection lifetime. In mobile link packet are often...

The many cores design research community have shown high interest in optical crossbars on chip for more than a decade. Key properties of optical crossbars, namely a) contention free data routing b) low latency communication and c) potential for high bandwidth through the use of WDM, motivate several implementations of this type of interconnect. These implementations demonstrate very different s...

AbstructWe explore the performance of reliable data communication in mobile computing environments. Motion across wireless cell boundaries causes increased delays and packet losses while the network learns how to route data to a host’s new location. Reliable transport protocols like TCP interpret these delays and losses as signs of network congestion. They consequently throttle their transmissi...