Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease which affects myelin in the central nervous system (CNS) and leads to serious disability. Currently available treatments for MS mainly suppress the immune system. Regenerative medicine-based approaches attempt to increase myelin repair by targeting endogenous progenitors or transplanting stem cells or their derivatives. Fingolimod exerts anti-inf...

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)-responsive definitive neural stem cells first appear in embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) mouse embryos, but not in earlier embryos, although neural tissue exists at E7.5. Here, we demonstrate that leukemia inhibitory factor-dependent (but not FGF2-dependent) sphere-forming cells are present in the earlier (E5.5-E7.5) mouse embryo. The resultant clonal sphere cells ...

PURPOSE Neural stem cell transplantation as a brain repair strategy is a very promising technology. However, despite many attempts, the clinical success remains very deceiving. Despite clear evidence that sexual dimorphism rules many aspects of human biology, the occurrence of a sex difference in neural stem cell biology is largely understudied. Herein, we propose to determine whether gender is...

stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (shed) have been introduced recently and  possess characteristics similar to  mesenchymal stem  cells (mscs). because of  their convenient accessibility and safety of harvest, shed can be a preferable source for the ever- increasing mscs’ applications. while they are new, their immunoproperties have not been adequately studied. in this study, we ...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease which affects myelin in the central nervous system (CNS) and leads to serious disability. Currently available treatments for MS mainly suppress the immune system. Regenerative medicine-based approaches attempt to increase myelin repair by targeting endogenous progenitors or transplanting stem cells or their derivatives. Fingolimod exerts anti-inf...

In multiple sclerosis Oligodendrocytes are obliterated by the immune system. neural stem/ progenitor cells (NS/P Cs) have the capacity to differentiate into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. In embryonic mouse cortex oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are more abundant than the ganglionic eminence. Doing gene set enrichment analysis using DAVID and Panther websites it was shown that Gpr...

Neural stem cells self-renew and give rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. These cells hold great promise for neural repair after injury or disease. However, a great deal of information needs to be gathered before optimally using neural stem cells for neural repair. This brief review provides an introduction to neural stem cells and briefly describes some advances in neural stem-ce...

Background: The growth factors that drive the division and differentiation of stem cells during early human embryogenesis are unknown. The secretion of endorphins, progesterone (P(4)), human chorionic gonadotropin, 17beta-estradiol, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone by trophoblasts that lie adjacent to the embryoblast in the blastocyst suggests that these pregnancy-associated factors may direc...

There is a great potential for the development of new cell replacement strategies based on adult human neural stem-like cells. However, little is known about the hierarchy of cells and the unique molecular properties of stem- and progenitor cells of the nervous system. Stem cells from the adult human brain can be propagated and expanded in vitro as free floating neurospheres that are capable of...