Childhood constipation is ofton a long_term problem requiring treatment over months or years. There is no single treatment metod for constipation and many children do not respond and continue to have chronic problems. Treatment is consisted of: Disimpaction,Drug adminstration , Diet modilation, and behaverial therapy. It is necessary in all cases that not responding to conventional therapy, un ...

A sub-population of the neural crest is known to play a crucial role in development of the cardiac outflow tract. Studies in avians have mapped the complete migratory pathways taken by 'cardiac' neural crest cells en route from the neural tube to the developing heart. A cardiac neural crest lineage is also known to exist in mammals, although detailed information on its axial level of origin and...

Two fetuses, terminated after prenatal diagnosis of aneural tube defect, had Meckel syndrome. There have now been three fetuses with this syndrome in a series of 35 terminated because of open lesions of the neural tube. It is suggested that such therapeutically aborted fetuses represent a highly selected group, among which a rare condition like Meckel syndrome will be concentrated. The need for...

1 ABSTRACT Non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling plays a primary role in the convergent extension that drives neural tube closure and body axis elongation. PCP signaling gene mutations cause severe neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the role of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in neural tube closure and NTDs remains poorly understood. This study shows that conditional gene t...

in Graphene Semiconducting Structures M. Pelc, W. Jaskólski, A. Ayuela and L. Chico Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University Grudzi¡dzka 5, 87-100 Toru«, Poland Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center 20018 San Sebastián, Spain Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C/Sor Juana Iné...

Yield prediction models and critical area calculations base on defects modeled as circular disks. But, the observation of real defects provides mostly irregular defect outlines. For this reason, we investigate the influence of real defect outlines on determining defect size distributions for yield prediction. To collect data on defects, checkerboard test structures were manufactured that enable...

A 45-year-old woman had complex partial seizures for 25 years with pharmacoresistance for 2 years. EEG showed right temporal epileptiform discharges. MRI revealed atrophy of the right temporal parenchyma (figure, A) herniating toward the pterygomaxillary fossa and the sphenoidal sinus (figure, C). CT demonstrated the bone defect of the sphenoid wing (figure, B) whereas the fusion of both techni...