Article points 1. Studies suggest that prevalence of type 2 diabetes in people with schizophrenia is 2–4 times greater than that of the general population. 2. Various explanatory models exist to explain the comorbidity of schizophrenia and diabetes. These include environmental, genetic, neuro-endocrine and iatrogenic effects. 3. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of this association and ...

The benzodiazepines (BZs) are the most widely used hypnotics. The thienobenzodiazepine derivative etizolam, 6-(o-chlorophenyl)-8ethyl-1-methyl-4H-s-triazolo[3,4-c]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine, is a comparatively new potent anxiolytic and/or hypnotic [1]. The BZs have been considered largely free of neuro-endocrine effect [2]. However, hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea have been suggested to b...

Bacterial meningitis is a complex disorder in which injury is caused, in part, by the causative organism and, in part, by the host's own inflammatory response. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a neuro-endocrine mediator that might play a role in pneumococcal meningitis. Here, we discuss the role of MIF in infection, the brain, and corticosteroids a...

Here, we review the role of clinical biomarkers (tissue and circulating markers) in the management of neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors may originate in different organs, from cells embriologically different but expressing common phenotypic characteristics, such as the immuno-reactivity for markers of neuro endocrine differentiation (defined as "pan-neuroendocrine"), the capacity to sec rete ...

Clustering of proteins in higher order complexes is a common theme in biology and profoundly influences protein function. The idea that seven-transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) might form dimers or higher order oligomeric complexes has been formulated more than 20 years ago. Since then, this phenomenon has been investigated with many different biochemical and biophysical...

BACKGROUND Normal-tension glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy of unknown etiology. Neuro-imaging workup in these patients is controversial. OBJECTIVES To determine the value of routine neurologic and neuro-ophthalmologic evaluations in patients with NTG. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with NTG in our institution between 2001 and 2006. Ne...

There are several differences between neuroendocrine and other types of cervical cancer, in prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. Neuroendocrine cancer of the uterine cervix is a rare and aggressive disease. Small cell carcinoma is classified as a neuroendocrine tumor in the currently used World Health Organization histological classification of tumors of the uterine cervix (2003). Small-cell car...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Duct cells isolated from adult human pancreas can be reprogrammed to express islet beta cell genes by adenoviral transduction of the developmental transcription factor neurogenin3 (Ngn3). In this study we aimed to fully characterize the extent of this reprogramming and intended to improve it. METHODS The extent of the Ngn3-mediated duct-to-endocrine cell reprogramming was meas...