ELEVATED TESTOSTERONE INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN NEURONAL CELLS Manuel Estrada*#, Anurag Varshney* and Barbara E. Ehrlich† Departments of Pharmacology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Running title: Testosterone-induced neuronal apoptosis * These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically. †Corresponding author: Barbara E Ehr...

Evidence suggests that the volume of the amygdala is significantly reduced in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and that this may be related to neuronal apoptosis. However, the precise molecular mechanism of this decrease in amygdala volume during PTSD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the activity of the 5-HT1A receptor and amygdala neu...

The AKT, GSK3 and JNK family kinases have been implicated in neuronal apoptosis associated with neuronal development and several neurodegenerative conditions. However, the mechanisms by which these kinase pathways regulate apoptosis remain unclear. In this study we have investigated the role of these kinases in neuronal cell death using an established model of trophic factor deprivation induced...

El óxido nítrico cumple un papel fundamental en la hipótesis vascular de enfermedad Alzheimer. Los tres subtipos enzima sintetasa, encargada producción del el cuerpo, se ven involucrados fisiopatología esta enfermedad. Primero, disminución flujo sanguíneo disminuye activación sintetasa endotelial. Segundo, inflamación crónica producto formación placas seniles y microglia activa inducible. Terce...

Central nervous system (CNS) specimens from 10 immunocompetent patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) and 3 infants with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis were analyzed to determine whether apoptosis is a feature of CNS injury in these patients. Apoptotic neurons and glia were detected in significant numbers in acute HSE and CMV encephalitis. Occurring predominantly in area...

Brain neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment are associated with hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. The present study determined if the Chinese herbal medicine Guizhi-Fuling-Wan (GFW) would reduce memory loss and neuronal apoptosis in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced hyperglycemic rodents. Two weeks after STZ induction, GFW was orally administered once daily for 7 days. GFW significantly i...

Kainic acid (KA)-induced neuronal death is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. Melatonin is known to protect hippocampal neurons from KA-induced apoptosis, but the exact mechanisms underlying melatonin protective effects against neuronal mitochondria disorder and ER stress remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the sheltering roles of melatonin during KA-induced apoptos...

Neurotoxic insults deregulate Cdk5 activity, which leads to neuronal apoptosis and may contribute to neurodegeneration. The biological activity of Cdk5 has been ascribed to its phosphorylation of cytoplasmic substrates. However, its roles in the nucleus remain unknown. Here we investigate the mechanism by which Cdk5 promotes neuronal apoptosis. We have identified the prosurvival transcription f...

BACKGROUND Neuronal cells are vulnerable to many stresses that can cause apoptosis. Reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) is a potentially unlimited source of neurons. Discovering agents that can provide neuronal protection against these apoptotic stimuli is important for developing therapeutic strategies for various brain diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS We invest...

The human neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene has been discovered as a candidate gene for spinal muscular atrophy, a genetic disorder characterized by motor neuron loss in the spinal cord. The telomeric NAIP gene on human chromosome 5 is deleted together with survival motor neurons (SMN) in many cases of the most severe forms of the disorder. NAIP, c-IAP1 (inhibitor of apoptosis-1...