BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypoxia preconditioning (HPC), rapid or delayed, has been reported to induce neuroprotection against subsequent severe stress. Because delta-opioid receptor (DOR) plays an important role in delayed HPC-induced neuroprotection against severe hypoxic injury, we asked whether DOR is also involved in the rapid HPC-induced neuroprotection. METHODS Cultured rat cortical neuro...

Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI), the major cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in developed nations, predisposes to learning impairment. The underlying mechanism is unknown. Neuronal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are critical for synaptogenesis and learning throughout life. We hypothesized that UPI-induced IUGR alters rat hippocampal NMDAR NR2A/NR2B subunit ratio and/or...

We evaluated the ability of preoperative radiologic imaging to detect hippocampal sclerosis in 31 patients who underwent surgery for intractable epilepsy. Hippocampal sclerosis is commonly associated with surgically treatable temporal lobe epilepsy. It is pathologically described as neuronal cell loss with associated gliosis in the hippocampus. While previous reports have correlated imaging res...

The partial opioid agonist thienorphine is currently in Phase II clinical trials in China as a candidate drug for the treatment of opioid dependence. However, its effect on synaptic plasticity in the NAc (nucleus accumbens) remains unclear. In the present study, we measured structural parameters of the synaptic interface to investigate the effect of thienorphine, morphine or a combination of bo...

This paper focuses on the outline of some computational methods for the approximate solution of the integral equations for the neuronal firing probability density and an algorithm for the generation of sample-paths in order to construct histograms estimating the firing densities. Our results originate from the study of non-Markov stationary Gaussian neuronal models with the aim to determine the...

—Determining neuronal structures during stereotactic surgery in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is a prerequisite for optimal placement of deep brain stimulation electrodes and/or neuronal ablation. This study describes statistical signal processing methods that automatically analyze microelectrode recordings and display a neurophysiological brainmap of the stereotactic trajectory. The sponta...

objective(s): umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ucb-mscs) are ideally suited for use in various cell-based therapies. we investigated a novel induction protocol (nip) to improve the neuronal differentiation of human ucb-mscs under appropriate conditions. materials and methods: this experimental study was performed in iranian blood transfusion organization (ibto), tehran, i...

Dendritic spines form postsynaptic components of excitatory synapses in CA1 pyramidal neurons and play a key role in excitatory signal transmission. Transient global ischemia is thought to induce excitotoxicity that triggers delayed neuronal death in the CA1 region. However, the mechanism underlying structural changes of excitatory synapses after ischemia is not completely understood. Here, we ...

Synaptic scaling is a form of synaptic plasticity that contributes to the homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity both in vitro and in vivo, by bidirectionally and proportionally adjusting postsynaptic AMPA receptor (AMPAR) abundance to compensate for chronic perturbations in activity. This proportional regulation of synaptic strength allows synaptic scaling to normalize activity without di...

background and objective: temporal lobe epilepsy is hallmarked with neuronal degeneration in some areas of hippocampus and mossy fiber sprouting in dentate area. considering some evidences on neuroprotective and antioxidant activity of silymarin (sm), this study was undertaken to evaluate the preventive effect of this agent on structural changes in hippocampus of kainate-epileptic rats. materia...