The end of the Cold War led to a large drop in world military expenditure, rising fixed costs of developing weapons because of technological changes and a reduction of national preference for domestic weapons. Alongside these developments has been an increase in concentration in the world arms industry, which at the end of the Cold War had been very unconcentrated with concentration ratios clos...

The period since September 11 attacks in 2001 has witnessed intense debates over to what extent a ―clash of civilizations‖ is inevitable. This paper argues that the ―clash of civilizations‖ thesis is a mistaken paradigm of understanding the Post-Cold War international order. While cultural and religious identities have increasingly become a source of political mobilization in the Post-Cold War ...

This paper examines changing German and Korean policies towards transborder coethnics (Germans in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and Koreans in Japan and China) during the high Cold War and post-Cold War eras. The paper contributes to the emerging literature on transborder forms of membership and belonging by highlighting and explaining the selective, variable, contingent, conteste...

Cold War historians have neglected the significance of the year 1948 for Indochina. Based on new sources, this paper shows critical shifts in politics within the Vietnamese nationalist movement in 1948. These were the result of converging developments during late 1947 and early 1948, including changes in international politics, in French–Vietnamese relations, and in the relationship between non...

Frederick W. Alt Don L. Anderson Michael Ashburner Stephen J. Benkovic David E. Bloom Floyd E. Bloom Piet Borst Henry R. Bourne Michael S. Brown James J. Bull Kathryn Calame C. Thomas Caskey Dennis W. Choi John M. Coffin F. Fleming Crim Paul J. Crutzen James E. Dahlberg Robert Desimone Bruce F. Eldridge Paul T. Englund Richard G. Fairbanks Douglas T. Fearon Harry A. Fozzard Klaus Friedrich Theo...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine whether inappropriate cardiovascular responses to stressors may underlie symptoms in Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue. METHODS Psychophysiological stress testing was performed on 51 Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue (using the 1994 case definition of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and 42 healthy veterans. Hemodyn...

Atherosclerotic disease develops over decades, which makes it difficult to study the temporal changes in remodeling processes during initiation, progression, and destabilization of vascular lesions. The mechanisms and current concepts of atherosclerotic plaque stabilization and destabilization in literature have mainly been based on human pathological observations. The natural history of advanc...

In the 21st century, there has been complex competition among states for global power. this regard, are often observed to confront each other. Globalization in post-Cold War era led technological transformation, which brought along radical changes hegemony. context of power, relations between US and China as two world powers have remarkable characteristics. From perspective, study is designed u...

When confronted with starvation, the amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum initiate a developmental process that begins with cell aggregation and ends with a ball of spores supported on a stalk. Spores live and stalk cells die. Because the multicellular organism is produced by cell aggregation and not by growth and division of a single cell, genetically diverse amoebae may enter an aggregate and,...

There is much pessimism as to the current state of Sino-American relations, especially since onset COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020. Such has led some scholars and commentators asserting that relationship on cusp either a new Cold War or, even more alarmingly, something akin Peloponnesian (via Thucydides Trap) whereby United States might take pre-emptive measures against China. This article re...