Plasma catecholamine levels increase dramatically at birth. To determine the contribution of adrenal catecholamine secretion to the surge in catecholamines at birth and the role in newborn adaptation, we performed surgical adrenalectomy or sham operation on near-term ovine fetuses. After recovery in utero, the animals were delivered and supported by mechanical ventilation. Plasma catecholamine ...

BACKGROUND The efficiency of routine practices in the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) have never been systematically investigated in Poland. OBJECTIVE To evaluate RDS treatment policies and short-term outcomes in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed medical records of premature neonates ≤ 32 weeks' gestation, diag...

OBJECTIVE The relationship between gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains unclear. Thus, we used a large cohort database to study the influence of maternal gestational hypertension and preeclampsia on the occurrence of ROP in preterm infants. METHODS We used data from a previous retrospective cohort study that includes 25,473 eligible ...

Preterm birth is an event that affects about 30,000 babies a year, in Italy alone. The great advances made neonatology (especially recent decades) have drastically reduced the risk of mortality. contribution intends to analyze phenomenon prematurity according parental and family dimension. Premature parents, fact, are immersed situation for which they were not prepared, could interrupt or threa...

Understanding the airway in a newborn patient is a priority, in view of the anatomical and physiological unique characteristics which they have that don’t repeat themselves through a person’s life: they only last the first years of a person’s life. These characteristics are necessary for understanding and manipulating the normal or complicated airway. Newborns usually require urgent surgeries, ...

Six cases of massive pulmonary haemorrhage in newborn infants are described. 2 term infants suffered severe birth asphyxia and massive pulmonary haemorrhage presented early (mean 5 hours); in 4 preterm infants massive pulmonary haemorrhage presented late (mean 4 days) while receiving assisted ventilation. All the infants were treated with positive pressure ventilation, vigorous correction of pH...

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of the new drug calfactant with the commonly used drugs surfactant-TA and poractant alfa. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 332 preterm infants at 24-31 weeks' gestation with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were enrolled and allocated to three groups according to the surfactant instilled; Group 1 (n=146, surfactant-TA), Group 2 (n=96, calfactant), and Group ...

Respiratory failure secondary to surfactant deficiency is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low birth weight immature infants. Surfactant therapy substantially reduces mortality and respiratory morbidity for this population. The statement summarizes the indications for surfactant replacement therapy. Because respiratory insufficiency may be a component of multiorgan dysfunction in sic...

Ca(2+) sparks are fundamental Ca(2+) signaling events arising from ryanodine receptor (RyR) activation, events that relate to contractile and dilatory events in the pulmonary vasculature. Recent studies demonstrate that long-term hypoxia (LTH) can affect pulmonary arterial reactivity in fetal, newborn, and adult animals. Because RyRs are important to pulmonary vascular reactivity and reactivity...