Previous studies of smoking on dopamine release in humans were investigated only in smokers. Using nicotine gum, we examined the effect of nicotine on dopamine release in smokers and non-smokers and its relation to the degree of nicotine dependence. Smokers and non-smokers participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study. They participated in two PET measurements ...

OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with the use of cigarettes, but little is known about the impact of the subthreshold symptoms of BD or ADHD on the course of nicotine dependence. Identifying the links is essential for elucidating the pathway and supporting the development of nicotine prevention strategies for adolescents. ...

Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) are powerful tools for the successful treatment of nicotine addiction and tobacco use. The medicines are clinically effective, supported by the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and are now World Health Organization-approved essential medicines. Enabling global access to NRT remains a challenge given ongoing confusion and misperceptions about their ef...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Information on predictors of quitting behaviour in adult tobacco users is scarce in Indian context. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the intention of tobacco-users towards quitting and its predictors with reference to nicotine dependence. METHODS A community-based observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 128 adult tobacco-users (89.8% male) with ...

INTRODUCTION Impulsivity is widely regarded as a risk factor for drug dependence. However, its relationship with the symptomatology of nicotine dependence is poorly understood. METHODS To examine the nature of these relationships, we recruited 404 daily and occasional smokers from a predominantly student population and assessed the association between impulsivity, as measured by the Barratt I...

AIMS Little is known about the relationship between current and past smoking behaviour and the severity of alcohol dependence. The purpose was to explore the strength of this relationship. METHODS A random population sample of 18 to 64 year-olds from northern Germany was used (n = 4075; participation rate: 70%). It included 761 cigarette smokers fulfilling at least one alcohol-dependence crit...

OBJECTIVES To trial an intervention in a real-life setting to motivate low-income smokers to try to quit. The intervention under trial was the addition of subsidised nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to a standard population quitline service. DESIGN Participants were low-income smokers, recruited "cold" via either a letter in the mail or a flyer inserted in a local newspaper. The interventio...

Results: Seventy-three percent of adult homeless male respondents were current smokers, and 44% homeless male smokers smoked their first cigarette within five minutes of waking up. Smokers were significantly more likely to be African American than persons of white or other race. Analysis of the Fagerström Tests for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) revealed 41% homeless male smokers to be in the high ...

Addictions include a group of common, heritable psychiatric illnesses that have multiple psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Robust genetic associations have been found for alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, and cocaine dependence. Common genetic associations have been found between alcohol dependence and aerodigestive cancers and between nicotine dependence and lung disease. These ass...

To increase understanding of the etiology and epidemiology of nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers, the present study examined the occurrence and development of distinct nicotine dependence symptom profiles in a sample of adolescent smokers. A total of 25 secondary schools throughout the Netherlands participated in a 1-year longitudinal study. Multiple dimensions of nicotine dependence ...