the circadian variation of the toxicity and nociceptive activity of aminophylline as an important methylxanthine was studied in mice. the animals were housed under controlled light-dark cycles for at least 2 weeks. acute toxicity was determined by ld50. hot-plate test was used for determination of thermal pain threshold. doses of 200, 250, 280 and 340 mg/kg of aminophylline were injected intrap...

Recent reports have emphasized the need to reduce the amount of unsupervised surgery performed at night by junior doctors. However there is little guidance about when an operation must be performed urgently and when it can be postponed safely. This study describes the existing pattern of out-of-hours trauma and orthopaedic surgery in four hospitals and reports the views of a panel of surgeons a...

Artificial night light has the potential to significantly alter visually-dependent species interactions. However, examples of disruptions of species interactions through changes in light remain rare and how artificial night light may alter predator-prey relationships are particularly understudied. In this study, we examined whether artificial night light could impact prey attraction and interce...

BACKGROUND A substantial increase in transportation of goods on railway may be hindered by public fear of increased vibration and noise leading to annoyance and sleep disturbance. As the majority of freight trains run during night time, the impact upon sleep is expected to be the most serious adverse effect. The impact of nocturnal vibration on sleep is an area currently lacking in knowledge. W...

An accurate determination of evaporative fluxes is critical for efficient water management in semi-arid climates such as the Canadian Prairies. The main achievements this research are design and operation a bench-scale atmosphere simulator, performance evaluation using selected weather scenarios pertaining to regional atmospheric conditions, validation established empirical correlations, estima...

extended abstract abstract pressure management is an effective method for water demand management. for evaluation of the effects of pressure changes on leakage level of water networks, the favad equation is usually used. however, in this equation, exponent of pressure parameter (n) needs to be determined. for estimation of n, either some information about the leak opening is necessary or networ...