Nitric oxide plays a central role in the physiology and pathology of diverse tissues including the immune system. It is clear that the levels of nitric oxide must be carefully regulated to maintain homeostasis. Appropriate levels of nitric oxide derived from iNOS assist in mounting an effective defense against invading microbes. Conversely, inability to generate nitric oxide results in serious,...

BACKGROUND Inhaled nitric oxide produces potent pulmonary vasodilation by activating soluble guanylate cyclase and increasing smooth muscle cell concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate. However, responses are often nonsustained, and clinically significant increases in pulmonary vascular resistance have been noted on its acute withdrawal. In vitro and in vivo data suggest that inhaled n...

Inhaled nitric oxide is a selective pulmonary vasodilator used for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. The potential adverse effects of inhaled nitric oxide are unknown and represent the focus of the present studies. Whereas inhalation of nitric oxide (10 to 100 ppm, 5 h) by Balb/c mice had no effect on the number or type of cells recovered from the lung, a dose-related increase in broncho...

Purification of soluble guanylate cyclase from rat liver resulted in an apparent loss of enzyme activation by nitric oxide that could be restored by dithiothreitol. methemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, or sucrose. Although hemoglobin also permitted some activation with nitric oxide, the effect of other agents to restore enzyme activation was prevented with hemoglobin. As a result of enzyme puri...

Muscará, Marcelo N., and John L. Wallace. Nitric Oxide. V. Therapeutic potential of nitric oxide donors and inhibitors. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G1313–G1316, 1999.—Nitric oxide is a crucial mediator of gastrointestinal mucosal defense, but, paradoxically, it also contributes to mucosal injury in several situations. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis and compounds...

Muscará, Marcelo N., and John L. Wallace. Nitric Oxide. V. Therapeutic potential of nitric oxide donors and inhibitors. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G1313–G1316, 1999.—Nitric oxide is a crucial mediator of gastrointestinal mucosal defense, but, paradoxically, it also contributes to mucosal injury in several situations. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis and compounds...

Under normal physiological conditions activation of nitric oxide synthases produces both nitric oxide and superoxide in equimolar concentrations (Figure 1). We propose a hypothesis that in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury this balanced co-production of nitric oxide and superoxide is disturbed and results in pathological effects. Specifically, under hypoxic conditions nitric oxide synthase is activa...

Nitric oxide is implicated in methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity; however, the source of the nitric oxide has not been identified. Previous work has also revealed that animals with partial dopamine loss induced by a neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine fail to exhibit further decreases in striatal dopamine when re-exposed to methamphetamine 7-30 days later. The current study examined...

introduction: toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory interacelullar parasite that infects nucleated cells in its intermediate hosts. the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of vitamin d3 on the multiplication of t. gondii in peritoneal macrophage of balb/c mice and nitric oxide production by macrophages.  methods: according to usage of vitamin d3 (one dose or seven doses) and infγ ...

Previous studies have demonstrated a role for the signalling agent nitric oxide in regulating preimplantation embryo development. We have now investigated the biochemical mode of action of nitric oxide in mouse embryos in terms of mitochondrial function and Ca2+ signalling. DETA-NONOate, a nitric oxide donor, decreased day 4 blastocyst cell number and oxygen consumption, consistent with a role ...