Nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) are known to be cardioprotective and to alter energy metabolism in vivo NO3- action results from its conversion to NO2- by salivary bacteria, but the mechanism(s) by which NO2- affects metabolism remains obscure. NO2- may act by S-nitrosating protein thiols, thereby altering protein activity. But how this occurs, and the functional importance of S-nitrosation s...

This study characterizes the highly variable He185/333 genes, transcripts and proteins in coelomocytes of the sea urchin, Heliocidaris erythrogramma. Originally discovered in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the products of this gene family participate in the anti-pathogen defenses of the host animals. Full-length He185/333 genes and transcripts are identified. Complete ope...

BACKGROUND Power plant workers are potentially exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and may therefore be at higher risk of pulmonary diseases than the general population. AIMS To assess the association of NO2 exposure with spirometric abnormalities in power plant workers. METHODS Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory ratio (FER = FEV1/FVC) we...

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olives, key sources of unsaturated fatty acids in the Mediterranean diet, provide health benefits to humans. Nitric oxide (•NO) and nitrite (NO2 (-))-dependent reactions of unsaturated fatty acids yield electrophilic nitroalkene derivatives (NO2-FA) that manifest salutary pleiotropic cell signaling responses in mammals. Herein, the endogenous presence of NO2-FA...

In addition to being an air pollutant, NO2 is a potent inflammatory oxidant generated endogenously by myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase. In these studies, we sought to determine the effects of NO2 exposure on mice with ongoing allergic airway disease pathology. Mice were sensitized and challenged with the antigen ovalbumin (OVA) to generate airway inflammation and subsequently exposed t...

Germfree and conventional-flora Sprague-Dawley rats were fed sodium nitrate or sodium nitrite in their drinking water (1,000 microgram/ml), and various organs, tissues, and sections of the intestinal tract were assayed for nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) by a spectrophotometric method. When fed NO3-, germfree rats had chemically detectable levels of NO3- (only) in the stomach, small intestine...

T. Yoshida, M. Hashimoto, S. Ideta, A. Fujimori, K. Tanaka, N. Mannella, Z. Hussain, Z.-X. Shen, M. Kubota, K. Ono, Seiki Komiya, Yoichi Ando, H. Eisaki, S. Uchida Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Department of Applied Physics and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305 Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley...

Foot orthoses (FOs) have been used for many years with the intention of alleviating symptoms, preventing deformity and enhancing performance. However, most reasoning for their use is anecdotal, with a lack of scientific evidence to support the claims many practitioners make. This lack of evidence will be one of the fundamental issues to confront foot science and the podiatric profession in the ...

Diesel vehicles are responsible for most of the traffic-related nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, including nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The use of after-treatment devices increases the risk of high NO2/NOx emissions from diesel engines. In order to investigate the factors influencing NO2/NOx emissions, an emission experiment was carried out on a high pressure common-rail, turboc...