Sodium valproate (SV) is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of epilepsy and mood disorders. There are several cases of SV-induced enuresis noted in epileptic patients. No alternative medication has been suggested to manage this problem. We present the first case of a pediatric bipolar patient who developed diurnal and nocturnal enuresis during SV therapy. Clinicians should be aware ...

Nocturnal enuresis, or involuntary urination while asleep, can have a huge impact on the quality of life of children, teenagers and even young adults, also generating stress in households, and thus, has a negative impact on the lives of entire families. A number of treatment types are available; such as medication, bladder training, uro therapy, positive reinforcement, and the enuresis alarm, t...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the frequency of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) in Pakistani children and to examine the factors associated with it. METHODS A randomly selected cross-sectional study was conducted in five elementary schools, one in each of five districts of Karachi. The parents of 5000 children age between 3-13 years were asked to complete a questionnaire which included items about t...

OBJECTIVES To report our experience with high pressure chronic retention (HPCR), a clinical syndrome with potentially disastrous consequences. DESIGN A prospective hospital based descriptive study. Setting A urology unit at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo. Patients Forty seven consecutive new patients with HPCR evaluated during a 2-year period. RESULTS Of the 47 (39 male) patien...

Several therapeutic options have been described for children with nocturnal enuresis, but still their efficacy and outcomes are controversial. This study compares the combined Desmopressin and Tolterodine efficacy versus Desmopressin alone efficacy in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. One hundred children 5-16 years old with nocturnal enuresis were enrolled in a randomized trial study and we...

Epidemiology At five years of age, 15 to 25 percent of children wet the bed. With each year of maturity, the percentage of bed-wetters declines by 15 percent. Hence, 8 percent of 12-year-old N octurnal enuresis is a common problem, affecting an estimated 5 to 7 million children in the United States and occurring three times more often in boys than in girls. Unfortunately, only about one third o...

Nocturnal enuresis can be discomfiting and troublesome. There is increasing evidence that as a side-effect of second-generation antipsychotics, particularly clozapine, it may be underrecognised. Direct but sensitive questioning may be required to elicit this side-effect. We briefly review possible mechanisms of this problem, and management and treatment options.