BACKGROUND It is generally believed that repeated exposure of a receptor to a stimulus results in inactivation (suppression or adaptation) of the receptor. Most of the methods of tobacco use are linked to the oral cavity where the taste receptors, a primary site for stimulation of salivary secretion, are constantly exposed to tobacco for long time. The present study was designed to document cha...

The low-frequency vibrational and low-temperature thermal properties of amorphous solids are markedly different from those of crystalline solids. This situation is counterintuitive because all solid materials are expected to behave as a homogeneous elastic body in the continuum limit, in which vibrational modes are phonons that follow the Debye law. A number of phenomenological explanations for...

We present new non-photorealistic (NPR) rendering tools for video. Inspired by the Cubist and Futurist art movements that questioned previous notions of space and time within paintings, we view an input video as a space-time cube of data, rather than a series of static frames. Our tools process the video as a whole to produce a set of stroke-solids, units for rendering that appear over multiple...

Anaerobic digestion of high-nitrogen wastes such as animal manure can be inhibited by high concentrations of un-ionized ammonia, NH(3) (aq). Understanding the toxicity of NH(3) (aq) to anaerobic digestion requires a method for determining its concentration. Previous work on ammonia toxicity in anaerobic digesters has utilized a simple equilibrium calculation for estimating NH(3) (aq) concentrat...

A range of values of a real function f : Ed + Iw can be used to implicitly define a subset of Euclidean space Ed. Such " implicit functions " have many uses in geometric and solid modeling. This paper focuses on the properties and construction of real functions for the representation of rigid solids (compact, semi-analytic, and regular subsets of Ed). We review some known facts about real funct...

RŮŽIČKOVÁ J., ŠUSTOVÁ K. (2006): Determination of selected parameters of quality of the dairy products by NIR spectroscopy. Czech J. Food Sci., 24: 255–260. The possibility of the application of near-infrared spectroscopy to the analysis of the selected parameters of quality of the dairy products was followed. The contents of solids and fat, as well as pH in yoghurts (also the titrable acidity)...

a procedure is presented that synthesizes fractional crystallization separation processes to obtain pure solids from multi-component solutions. the method includes a procedure to generate a network flow model to identify alternative process designs for fractional crystallization. the main advantage of this systematic procedure with respect to other reported procedures is using non-equilibrium s...

background wastewaters with high salt content disturb the metabolic function of microorganisms causing plasmolysis or activity loss in microorganisms, so the efficiency of biological treatment of saline wastewater by conventional microorganisms will decrease. objectives this study aimed to find the outbreak of disorder in the biological wastewater treatment process and how much salt leads to lo...

We introduce a computationally efficient method for interactive construction of implicitly represented star solids. These solids smoothly approximate control shapes that are defined by exact union and intersections over half-spaces containing the origin. Based on our algorithm, computation of a new solid shape when a new half-space is added or when the position of an existing half-space is chan...

– When two chemically passivated solids are brought into contact, interfacial interactions between the solids compete with intrabulk elastic forces. The relative importance of these interactions, which are length-scale dependent, will be estimated using scaling arguments. If elastic interactions dominate on all length scales, solids will move as essentially rigid objects. This would imply super...