BACKGROUND Financial incentives appear to be effective in promoting smoking cessation in pregnancy. The mechanisms by which they might operate however, are poorly understood. The present study examines how financial incentives for smoking cessation during pregnancy may work, by exploring pregnant women’s experiences of trying to stop smoking, within and outside of a financial incentives scheme....

The alarming number of smokers have increased public health concerns regarding the effects second-hand smoke (SHS) on non-smokers, especially amongst pregnant women and unborn babies. This paper aims to review existing interventions used reduce SHS exposure non-smoking women. was guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review Meta-Analyses) method. Published articles were ide...

Tobacco use is a global health problem, including in Taiwan. The present study evaluated the perceived risk of smoking and second-hand smoke among pregnant Taiwanese women using a questionnaire. Seven hundred twenty-four pregnant Taiwanese women were recruited from an online parenting community using convenience sampling in 2013. Pregnant smokers and non-smokers had significantly different perc...

Cognitive variables relating to both the healthand non-health-related consequences of smoking among 178 heavy, light, and nonsmoking college women were examined. Using Ajzen and Fishbein's (1980) theory of reasoned action, salient behavioral beliefs about the positive and negative outcomes of smoking, evaluations of these outcomes, salient normative beliefs about the prescriptions of important ...

Tobacco smoking is inconsistently associated with breast cancer. Although some studies suggest that breast cancer risk is related to passive smoking, little is known about the association with breast cancer by tumor hormone receptor status. We aimed to explore the association between lifetime passive smoking and risk of breast cancer subtypes defined by estrogen receptor and progesterone recept...

BACKGROUND The study investigated differences in lung cancer mortality risk between social classes. METHODS Twenty years of mortality follow-up were analysed in 7052 men and 8354 women from the Renfrew/Paisley general population study and 4021 working men from the Collaborative study. RESULTS More manual than non-manual men and women smoked, reported morning phlegm, had worse lung function ...

INTRODUCTION We aimed to identify factors associated with smoking among immigrants. In particular, we investigated the relationship between acculturation and smoking, taking into consideration the stage of the 'smoking epidemic' in the countries of origin and host countries of the immigrants. METHODS We searched PubMed for peer-reviewed quantitative studies. Studies were included if they focu...

There has been limited research addressing whether behavioural change in relation to smoking is maintained throughout pregnancy and the effect on perinatal outcomes. A cohort study addressed lifestyle behaviours of 907 women who booked for antenatal care and delivered in a large urban teaching hospital in 2010-2011. Adverse perinatal outcomes were compared for "non-smokers", "ex-smokers" and "c...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between smoking and risk of invasive breast cancer using quantitative measures of lifetime passive and active smoking exposure among postmenopausal women. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING 40 clinical centres in the United States. PARTICIPANTS 79,990 women aged 50-79 enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study during 1993-8. ...

OBJECTIVE To gain detailed understanding of influences on smoking behaviour in Bangladeshi and Pakistani communities in the United Kingdom to inform the development of effective and culturally acceptable smoking cessation interventions. DESIGN Qualitative study using community participatory methods, purposeful sampling, one to one interviews, focus groups, and a grounded approach to data gene...