Nuclear magnetic resonance of alkali elements is a very sensitive probe of the immediate chemical environment of an alkali ion in solutions and can be used to study ion-ion, ion-solvent and ionligand interactions. In particular, this technique has been used to determine contact ion pair formation constants, to compare solvating abilities of different solvents and to study the thermodynamics of ...

The authors provide a review and literature survey of many-body effects in intermolecular forces. Topics include experimental methods, theoretical methods, many-body effects in atomic systems, and many-body effects in aqueous and nonaqueous molecular systems.

Subtilisin and alpha-chymotrypsin vigorously act as catalysts in a variety of dry organic solvents. Enzymatic transesterifications in organic solvents follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the values of V/Km roughly correlate with solvent's hydrophobicity. The amount of water required by chymotrypsin and subtilisin for catalysis in organic solvents is much less than needed to form a monolayer o...

Fluorophores such as aromatic compounds (e.g. benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, as well as other constituents of petroleum fuels, oils, lubricants and greases) are present as co-contaminants in many Dense NonAqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) spills or may be extracted by the flowing organic phase from the soil organic matter. From 10 to 25% of the carbon present in humic and fulvic acids (...

Intracellular distributions of the low molecular weight RNA species of HeLa cells were determined by a nonaqueous method of cell fractionation, in which lyophilized cells were homogenized and centrifuged in anhydrous glycerol. The nonaqueous method was used to avoid artifactual extraction of weakly bound nuclear RNA during cell fractionation. We found that the mature small RNA species K, A, C, ...