We analyze temperature and thermometry for simple nonequilibrium heat-conducting models. We also show in detail, for both twoand three-dimensional systems, that the ideal-gas thermometer corresponds to the concept of a local instantaneous mechanical kinetic temperature. For the 4 models investigated here the mechanical temperature closely approximates the local thermodynamic equilibrium tempera...

Some critical trends in information theory, its role in living systems and utilization in fluctuation theory are discussed. The mutual information of thermodynamic coupling is incorporated into the generalized fluctuation theorem by using information theory and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Thermodynamically coupled dissipative structures in living systems are capable of degrading more energy,...

We review here recent developments in non-equilibrium thermodynamics and their applications to rheology. In particular we review the application of the dissipative Hamiltonian formalism to incompressible, homogeneous and isothermal flows of flexible polymer systems. We show not only the advantages that have been brought up by the nonequilibrium thermodynamics approach but also exactly where the...

We show how to extend the use of thermodynamic concepts into the mesoscopic domain where fluctuations and nonlinearities play an important role. The theory presented: mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics, provides a new interpretation of local equilibrium that is formulated at small scales. From it one derives kinetic equations and nonlinear transport equation for the study of small-scale s...

A unified variational framework and finite element simulations of phase transformation dynamics in a shape memory alloy thin film are reported in this paper. The computational model is based on an approach, which combines the lattice based kinetics involving the order variables and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Algorithmic and computational issues are discussed. Numerical results on phase nucl...

Considering the model heat conduction problem in the setting of Grad's moment equations, we demonstrate a crossover in the structure of minima of the entropy production within the boundary layer. Based on this observation, we formulate and compare variation principles for solving the problem of boundary conditions in nonequilibrium thermodynamics.