One of the important issues in the study of steel frames is to find a suitable formulation for semi-rigid connections. In this paper, the explicit stiffness matrix for a two-dimensional beam-column element having end-flexibilities is derived. The effects of the lateral uniformly distributed load on the deflection are considered. Both tensile and compressive axial loads are also taken into accou...

For the nonlinear analysis of structures using the well known Newton-Raphson Method, the tangent stiffness matrices of the elements must be constructed in each iteration. Due to the high expense required to find the exact tangent stiffness matrices, researchers have developed novel innovations into the Newton-Raphson method to reduce the cost and time required by the analysis. In this paper, a ...

Pregroup grammars were introduced by Lambek [20] as a new formalism of type-logical grammars. They are weakly equivalent to context-free grammars [8]. The proof in one direction uses the fact that context-free languages are closed under homomorphism and inverse homomorphism. Here we present a direct construction of a context-free grammar and a push-down automaton, equivalent to a given pregroup...

This study numerically predicts the failure scenario of a cracked concrete gravity dam through a push-over nonlinear analysis. The mixed-mode Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) was employed using the extended finite element method (XFEM). The dam base was considered to be fully fixed without any foundation effects. The hydrostatic pressure on the dam's upstream face was increased incremen...

Due to their potential applications for optical communications, data storage, and electrooptical signal processing, molecules with nonlinear optical (NLO) properties have been extensively investigated.’ As part of our interest in porphyrins and metalloporphyrins as photoresponsive2 and field-responsive material^,^ we have synthesized a series of “push-pull” porphyrins containing both donor and ...

This paper focuses on the problem of force-feedback for the human-operator hand when manipulating virtual objects. We propose a method for the computation of feedback-forces that have to be applied on each individual phalanx and nger of the human hand in order to display pertinent, kinesthetic information about static or dynamic characteristics of objects present in the virtual scene. External ...

Mainstream link-based static-rank algorithms (e.g. PageRank and its variants) express the importance of a page as the linear combination of its in-links and compute page importance scores by solving a linear system in an iterative way. Such linear algorithms, however, may give apparently unreasonable staticrank results for some link structures. In this paper, we examine the static-rank computat...