Various authors have reported conflicting values for the energy return on investment (rE) of ethanol manufacture. Energy policy analysts predisposed to or against ethanol frequently cite selections from these studies to supporttheir positions. This literature review takes an objective look at the disagreement by normalizing and comparing the data sets from ten such studies. Six of the reviewed ...

Abstract Chinese ink has very special significance for presentation of artistic effects and preservation works art; however, wasted nonrenewable resources, potential toxicity, complex inefficient production technologies have limited the development inks traditional culture. Herein, environmentally friendly, practical antibacterial was prepared by facile heating-stirring gelatin natural polysacc...

This paper attempts to address the question of what might constitute sustainable development within the context of planning for a project that involves nonrenewable resource extraction, and hence is likely to have irreversible environmental impacts. The study will explore the ways in which the mineral sector is attempting to redefine itself through consultative initiatives. What are the key ele...

Hot-dip galvanisation (HDG) is the method most commonly used to protect steel surfaces from corrosion. However, HDG involves very intensive consumption of energy and resources. This paper aims evaluate environmental performance hotspots in Spanish sector using cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA). Two industrial plants, with different capacities manufacturing processes, were selected for ...

Considering Russia’s rich and vast oil resources, this country is one of the world’s greatest producers and exporters of this nonrenewable energy resource, and like other petrostates, receives a major part of its national income in this way. The dependence of Russia’s budget on oil has raised the significance of world oil price fluctuations for this country. Since 1970s, the global oil market h...

Future of Avian Genetic Resources Collections: Archives of Evolutionary and Environmental History.—In the past 30 years, genetic resources collections (GRCs) have shiĞ ed position within ornithology, from a novel supplement to traditional voucher collections to a major core source of raw material fueling multiple subdisciplines. The demand for specimens from GRCs now greatly exceeds both the de...

Abstract This article reconceptualizes natural capital. It categorizes capital into renewable and structural capital, argues for exclusion of nonrenewable (such as coal oil) from consideration a presents 10 guiding principles sustainable use Both tasks reconceptualizing identifying are inspired by Aldo Leopold’s land ethic.