Under the application of a strong electric field, atoms from a metal surface can rupture their bonds and escape, leading to ‘field-evaporation’. We present a firstprinciples description of this phenomenon, taking as an example the evaporation of Al adatoms from an Al(111) surface. The ‘charged-plane’ method [A.Y. Lozovoi and A. Alavi, Phys Rev B 68, 246416 (2003)], has been implemented in the c...

Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) forms a major fraction of organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Knowledge of SOA properties that affect their dynamics in the atmosphere is needed for improving climate models. By combining experimental and modeling techniques, we investigated the factors controlling SOA evaporation under different humidity conditions. Our experiments support the conclusion of par...

evaporation is one of the most important components of hydrologic cycle.accurate estimation of this parameter is used for studies such as water balance,irrigation system design, and water resource management. in order to estimate theevaporation, direct measurement methods or physical and empirical models can beused. using direct methods require installing meteorological stations andinstruments ...

A recursive claim that there is a ’scarcity of global data on evaporative partitioning’ is used to justify the development of the STEAM model (see e.g. pg. 206, L23). However, over the last decade, there have been numerous efforts to derive the separate components of the terrestrial evaporative flux at the global scale, not just from land surface models and climate reanalyses, but also by combi...

Evaporation rates and total energy loads from an unoccupied, heated, outdoor pool in Fort Collins, Colorado were investigated. Pool and air temperatures, humidity, thermal radiation, wind speed, and water loss due to evaporation were measured over 2 1 test periods ranging from 1.1 to 16.2 hours during August and September, 1992. Data were analyzed and compared to commonly used evaporation rate ...

Capillary bridges are usually formed by a small liquid volume in a confined space between two solid surfaces. They can have a lower internal pressure than the surrounding pressure for volumes of the order of femtoliters. Femtoliter capillary bridges with relatively rapid evaporation rates are difficult to explore experimentally. To understand in detail the evaporation of femtoliter capillary br...

[1] New theoretical considerations indicate that the complementary relationship (CR) of evaporation is inherently asymmetric when the time rate of change between actual and apparent potential evaporations is considered. The theory also estimates the extent of this asymmetry as a function of the surface temperature and predicts that a symmetric CR, independent of the surface temperature, can onl...

It is well-known that evaporation of sessile drops with suspended particles like colloids and coffee powders can yield a variety of two-dimensional patterns depending on the particle shapes and internal flow patterns. Here we show that ordered three-dimensional structures can be built via evaporation of saline drops on highly hydrophobic substrates like pristine PP (polypropylene) with micropor...

The evaporation of a binary liquid mixture of monatomic species into near vacuum has been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. It has been assumed that atomic interaction forces can be derived by Lennard-Jones potentials. Results are presented about surface composition changes induced by evaporation, the shape of the distribution functions of evaporating atoms. Estimates of evaporati...

The complementary relationship between actual and potential evaporation over southeastern Turkey was examined using a mesoscale climate model and field data. Model simulations of both actual and potential evaporation produce realistic temporal patterns in comparison to those estimated from field data; as evaporation from the surface increases with increasing irrigation, potential evaporation de...